"Теорија мита" Јулијана Апостате

Miroslava, Mirković

1

ǂстр. ǂ189

201

1998

Although Julian the Apostate has nowhere in his writings defined the term μυθο, from his zsuge of this word it is obvious that mythos could be defined as a fictitious story about gods or heroes. This definition is just the same as the one given by modern scholars. Into the myths Julian does not include only the stories from the greek and roman tradition, but also those ones which could be classified as artistic or philosophical myths. For example, those which the reader can find in Plato's or Plutarch's writings. According to Julian, the stories from the Old and New Testament should also be considered as myths. As a term for a story, a narrative, in Julain's works occurs also the word λογοσ. In a wider sense, this term denotes every discours, every sort of narrative and every story in general. Julian does not always make a clear distinction between logos in this wider sense and mythos. In some text mythos has a more narrow sense than logos, and it could be understood as a sort of logos. In its proper meaning, logos is a true story, and Julian puts it in an opposition towards mythos. The third terminus technicus for a story in Julian's writings is αινοσ - table. According to Julian, ainos is a sort of mythos, or, more precisely, it has been developed from mythos as a story with a moral, invented for children. Sometimes the term mythos also denotes a fable. Julian thinks that the myths have been invented by ordinary, uneducated people, with a purpose to be useful and pleasant at the same time. As an educational mean, they are primarly dedicated to children. Because of their educational aim, the myths must not include anything sacrilegious or unholy. In philosophy, it is possible to use myths in ethics and theology. Mythos is a sort of a riddle, whose true meaningis hidden, because ordinary people are not able to accept to truth in its pure form. The true meaning of the myths should be searched for, because it leads us towards perfection and reveals us the divine essence of the gods. The only method which unveils us the hidden truth of the myths is the allegorical interpretation. This interpretation makes the basis of most of Julian's theological and philosophical reflections.

Julijan Apostata, alegorija, basna, filozofija, logos, mit, retorika