Istorija 20. veka
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Journal Istorija 20.veka (History of the 20th Century) is continually published biannually from 1983. Journal considers previously unpublished manuscripts of articles and scholarly contributions whose object is contemporary history of Serbia, former Yugoslavia and the Balkans in European and global context. Articles are expected to be interdisciplinary, based on original archival researches. Journal publishes articles that critically investigate social, cultural, economic and intellectual developments of 20th century. All received manuscripts are a subject to a double-blind external peer review process. In order to be accepted the manuscripts need to be deemed publishable by the editorial board and two anonymous reviewers. Articles are published in Serbian and English, and in other languages should the need arise.
Journal is included in SCOPUS, ERIH PLUS index (European Reference Index for the Humanities and Social Sciences), Central and Eastern European Online Library (CEEOL) and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ). According to the categorization of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, since 2015 it carries the category “National Journal of International Importance (M24)”. History of the 20th Century is an Open Access Journal.
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ISSN 0352-3160
eISSN 2560-3647
doi 10.29362/ist20veka
Pages
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- ISLAMSKA ZAJEDNICA I NACIONALNO OPREDELJENJE MUSLIMANA U SOCIJALISTIČKOJ JUGOSLAVIJI
- The attitude of the Islamic Community toward the national orientation of Muslims should be viewed in the context of the overall position and relationships with the new state whose ideology was founded on an irreconcilable attitude toward religion and the activities of religious communities. The Islamic Religious Community took advantage of the situation in which, under complex international circumstances, the state was unprepared to maintain constant tension with most of its religious communities, and thus succeeded in a very short period to normalize its relations with the new rulers of the country, losing in the process some attributes of freedom but attaining greater freedom of organization and the improvement of religious life.
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- ISTORIJA MORALA I ETIKA RATA I REVOLUCIJE - OTVORENA ТЕМА ISTORIOGRAFIJE SAVREMENE ISTORIJE
- The end of the 20th century and the events which have happened and are still happening require a systematic classification of knowledge which has been accumulated about the 20th century and about what has transpired in that period, especially the crucial events which have changed the historical picture of historical time and concern Brodell’s process of long duration, such as World War II and the revolutions which took place worldwide, one of which was the Yugoslav revolution, occurring at the same time as those events of World War II which happened in the southeastern region of the Balkans. It is especially important to classify and analyze the historiographic works in Yugoslav historiography of modern history which deal with this topic and which study the trials of humanism, works dealing with the history of the Yugoslav Communist Party and the Communist Youth League of Yugoslavia, World War II and the Yugoslav revolution from 1941 to 1945. A contribution to this study was given by philosophers who explored the moral code of the Yugoslav revolution and the history of morality, participating in the debate regarding the open question of the existence or absence of ethics in the revolution.
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- ISTORIJSKI ASPEKTI TERORIZMA U SRBIJI
- If one scrutinizes the historical context of terrorism in Serbia (Yugoslavia), two points are distinguishable: constant presence of terrorism during the 20th century, and its differing interpretations by the ruling elites. Historigraphically, the period of terrorism until 1941 is not sufficiently covered, and the period after 1945 is predominantly covered through security analyses, whereas the recent developments from the second half of the 90's attracted special attention. Despite the existence of substantial literature on that matter, general public and the decision-makers did not develop substantial interest fro this phenomenon. The interest is manifested either through media generated commonplaces or sporadic attention triggered by a particular act of terrorism.
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- ISTORIOGRAFIJA I PUBLICISTIKA
- Povodom knjiga: Dve godišnjice Desimira Tošića, Beograd 2000, str. 233; Desimir Tošić, O ljudima, Beograd 2000, str. 363.
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- ISTORIOGRAFIJA О GRAĐANSKOM RATU U JUGOSLAVIJI 1941-1945.
- Cilj ovog kratkog pregleda bio je da se napravi presek i odrede dometi do kojih se stiglo u jugoslovenskoj i anglo-saksonskoj istoriografiji kada je u pitanju ocena pokreta Draže Mihailovića. Kod autora preovlađuje sud de se radilo о dva antifašistička pokreta različite strategije, što je dovelo do građanskog rata prvo u Srbiji, a potom u ostalim jugoslovenskim zemljama. Svaka apologija, u korist Draže Mihailovića ili Tita i partizana, postepeno je svođena na pravu meru istorijskih događanja, posebno odvajanjem političke propagande od stvarnosti. Bez prihvatanja ocene da se radilo о građanskom ratu nije moguća ni produbljenija analiza značaja i obima kolaboracije, odnosno spremnosti oba pokreta da za račun budućnosti prave nagodbe sa okupatorom, kao i značaja kontrole nad Srbijom i karaktera operacija u leto i jesen 1944.
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- ISTORIČAR PRED IZAZOVIMA SAVREMENE EPOHE
- Knjige prof, dr Branka Petranovića Istoričar i savremena epoha i prof, dr Đorđa Stankovića i doc. dr Ljubodraga Dimića Istoriografija pod nadzorom sadrže niz dragocjenih uputstava i analitičkih naučnih procjena koje bude promišljenja o uvijek nedokučivim putevima i stranputicama kojima ide istoričar, suočen sa izazovima struke kojom se bavi. Ovaj metodološki značajan domet profesora Katedre za istoriju Jugoslavije Filozofskog fakultela u Beogradu, dragocjen stručnjacima za istraživanje istoriografskih tema iz ove oblasti i neophodan studentima istorije, zahtijeva podrobnije analiziranje i šire javno predstavljanje. Upravo stoga, ovaj razgovor ima za cilj da u okviru ovogodišnje tribine Instituta za savremenu istoriju pod nazivom »Savremena istoriografija danas,« pokrene razmišljanja o ovim značajnim knjigama.
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- ISTRAŽIVANJE FENOMENA POMERANJA NEMAČKIH ETNIČKIH GRANICA NA JUGOSLOVENSKI ISTORIJSKI PROSTOR
- Poznati nemački »Drang nach Osten« je strukturalno višeslojna pojava kojom se ozbiljno bavila i jugoslovenska istoriografija, najviše doduše u njenom političkom , vojnom i ekonomskom ispoljavanju. Karakteristika radova iz ove oblasti je da su tu pojavu izučavali ili tretirali parcijalno, ali da nije data celovita studija, na koju se još čeka. Većina objavljenih studija ili članaka koji su se bavili opštom istorijom modernog doba, dotakli su se ovog problema posebno, jer je Nemačka bila aktivan učesnik i Prvog i Drugog svetskog rata, koji su ostavili katastrofalne posledice na balkanskim prostorima.
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- ITALIAN SOLDIERS IN THE BALKANS. THE EXPERIENCE OF THE OCCUPATION (1941 - 1943)
- More than 500,000 Italian soldiers stayed in the Balkans from April 1941 to September 1943. What was peculiarly Fascist about their experience? How did they perceive occupied populations? What was the role of Fascist ideology and racism? What about the soldiers ’ everyday life in the annexed and occupied territories?
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- ITALIJANSKA DIPLOMATIJA I HRVATSKO PITANJE 1928 - 1935
- The Italian diplomatic representatives followed attentively the internal policy movements in the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. According to their observations, during the 1928 - 1936 period the prevailing mood among the leaders of the Croatian civil parties was that of overthrowing the regime of King Alexander and solving the Croatian question by separating Croatia from the joint state of South Slavs. The leadership of the HSS (Croatian Peasant Party) and Maček himself, estimating the situation in the country after the assassination at the Assembly in June 1928, decided upon the separatistic solution of the Croatian question with the help of the Italians and such views remained until the death of King Alexander in October 1934. Italian documents show that even after 1934 Maček had not abandoned the idea of creating the Croatian state, but on account of the political circumstances he accepted the idea of creating the Croatian state within the existing Kingdom of Yugoslavia. He led the fight for achieving this with great patience and applying legal means. The creation of the Croatia „banovina” which he talked about on several occasions at the beginning of the Thirties as of a transitional period towards the creation of the Croatian state, ascertained that his policy in solving the Croatian question was the right one. The view of Dr Ante Trumbić, the leader of the Croatian federalists, on the solution of the Croatian question is shown differently by the Italian sources and by our historiography. As there existed slight chances for a federalists rearrangement of the state. Dr Ante Trumbić accepted the idea of creating a Croatian state as the solution to the Croatian question. In time, Trumbić switched more and more to the separatists solution of the Croatian question and since 1936, i. e. the disagreement between Pavelić and Maček, Trumbić represented the separatistic, „Prava” party solution of the Croatian question.
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- IVAN - VANČO MIHAILOV IZMEĐU NEZAVISNE DRŽAVE HRVATSKE I BUGARSKE (1941 - 1944)
- The relationship between the two Anti-Yugoslav terrorist movements - the Ustaša's and the right pro-fascistic wing of IMRO - dates back as early as the prewar period and its existence had been continuous during the Second World War. The leader of the terrorist, profascistic wing of IMRO Vančo Mihailov had been a visitor and an unofficial advisory to Ustaša's ..Poglavnik”, Ante Pavelić. Their close collaboration gave character to the relations between ISC and her ally Bulgaria. The Ustaša's recognized Bulgarian occupation of Macedonia as another act confirming the fall of the „Versailles Creation” - The Kingdom of Yugoslavia. The Ustaša's interest in the events taking place in Macedonia and Bulgaria was closely related to the fact that Mihailov had residence in Zagreb and that the Diplomatic Mission in Sofia was in contact with Macedonian followers of Mihailov and with other collaborationists. These contacts were made by the specific command of the Headquarters in Zagreb. Bulgarian Government had tried, on several occasions, to persuade Mihailov to return to Bulgaria. Delegations had been sent to him in Zagreb and in case the issue of these attempts was satisfactory, his return would bring his followers even closer to the Bulgarian Occupying Authorities. At the same time, this would make a very successful propaganda. All these attempts, however, failed. Due to the Diplomatic Mission in Sofia Ustaša's authorities had been continually informed about Italian-Bulgarian conflicts about the demarcation line in West Macedonia, and Bulgarian hostility towards Italy had influenced the relationship between ISC and Bulgaria all until September 1943. This enclosure also speaks about Mihailov influence on Ustaša's leader Pavelić and especially on his attitude towards „the ultimate solution to the Serbian problem”, i.e. the final extermination of Serbs in ISC.
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- IZA GVOZDENE ZAVESE - POČETAK I ESKALACIJA SUKOBA ТITО - STALJIN PRVIH MESECI 1948.
- The conflict between Tito and Stalin, and between the leaderships of the communist parties of Yugoslavia and the USSR was the result of different views regarding Yugoslavia’s position in foreign politics and did not arise from differences concerning domestic politics in Yugoslavia and the application of the Marxis-Leninist doctrine as was always emphasized in the accusations coming from the Soviet side and in the subsequent propaganda war between the two countries. After the American government had introduced the Marshal Plan, forming through it a strong coalition of western capitalist countries, the Soviet leadership wished to impose total control over the countries in their sphere of interest by ensuring absolute obedience of their party leaderships. The biggest stumbling block in achieving this was the high level of independence which Tito enjoyed in foreign politics which the Kremlin had previously tolerated. Tito was not, however, willing to relinquish this position, thus making the conflict inevitable. The initial excuse for the conflict came towards the end of January 1948, when the Soviet leaders learnt of Tito’s decision to send a completely equipped division to south Albania. It was decided in the Kremlin to use this incident as a pretext to force Tito to subordination. A bitter struggle ensued in the following months between Moscow and Belgrade but it was kept far from the public eye. It was only toward the end of June that the population was surprised to learn about the dissent between the two leading communist parties of the eastern bloc. Western observers were not able to discern from the fragmentary indications which surfaced sporadically, the depth of the rift which had occurred between Moscow ant Belgrade. The belief in Stalin’s absolute authority in the satellite parties was so deeply rooted that even the argumented warning to this effect, which the British ambassador in Belgrade sent to London in June, was not taken seriously.
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- IZBEGLICE I PRESELJENICI U SRBIJI 1941-2000 - PREDLOG ZA ISTRAŽIVANJE
- Sve do 18. veka prilikom oružanih akcija civilno stanovništvo je bilo prepušteno milosti i nemilosti pobednika. Kako je od tada sve češće bilo izloženo ratnim stradanjima počelo se raditi na njegovoj pravnoj zaštiti. Početkom 20. veka pravna nauka dala je značajne rezultate u toj oblasti, a napredak je najpotpunije ostvaren na drugoj konferenciji u Hagu održanoj 1907. kada je doneta Konvencija sa Pravilnikom o zakonima i običajima rata na suvu. Iako je ovo bilo nedovoljno za regulisanje međusobnih odnosa pobednika i poraženih, nisu ga se pridržavali na okupiranoj jugoslovenskoj teritoriji za vreme Drugog svetskog rata.