Starinar
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La décoration de Pierre en relief entre le bas empire et les débuts de Byzancedans les vestiges de la cité de Duklja (Doclea)
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(francuski) Les vestiges d’une cité antique se trouvant près de Podgorica au Monténégro attiraient l’attention par leur situation et leurs dimensions. Des connaissances historiques modestes évoluaient entre le fait incontestable qu’il s’agit d’une cité antique abandonnée au moment des grandes migrations des populations dans la région. Le matériel dans les vestiges de la cité, surtout du marbre et de la pierre, a été dilapidé selon les besoins de la population de la région plus ou moins proche. Des recherches sérieuses ont été amorcées selon le désir formel du roi Nicolas. Sur les vestiges de Doclea plusieurs groupes d’archéologues russes ou anglais ont travaillé. Des recherches plus approfondies ont été publiées par Piero Sticcoti, son livre a été traduit et la traduction suivie du texte de Olivera Velimirovic Zizic expliquant la valeur du livre. Le besoin de nouvelles recherches de fond se faisant sentir l’Institut de la conservation des monuments de culture de la république du Monténégro et l’Institut d’archéologie à Belgrade se sont mis d’accord sur la poursuite des recherches en trois campagnes - en 1954, en 1955 et en 1966. Les dernières recherches ont apporté de nouvelles informations en abondance sur ce site archéologique exceptionnel. L’examen des reliefs en pierre reposait surtout sur celui des chapiteaux. Tout en étant en mauvais état ils ont cependant donné l’information sur l’aspect initial de la décoration en relief. Une conception semblable des chapiteaux a incité des chercheurs renommés à leur accorder une attention particulière. Ceci est à l’origine de nombreuses études des chercheurs renommés couvrant des aires plus larges. C’est également le sujet de la partie principale de notre texte. Des modèles des chapiteaux antiques traditionnels étant trouvés en Italie, à Rome et en Italie méridionale. Nous désignons des conceptions plus tardives comme celles des débuts de Byzance qui tirent leur origine des modèles dans l’aire byzantine plus large.
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La nécropole de la basilique urbaine à Sirmium
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L’analyse des nécropoles située à l’intérieur et autour de la basilique urbaine, sur les sites 59, 46 et 47 de Sirmium, où 28 enterrements ont été enregistrés jusqu’à aujourd’hui, a démontré qu’il s’agissait de tombes de construction identique contenant un mobilier funéraires modeste mais homogène (peignes en os tripartites à deux rangées de dents, « petites » fibules ansées en arbalète en fer, « grandes » boucles ovales en fer, couteaux en fer et fragments de récipients en fin verre de couleur verte). En l’occurrence, dans la basilique même ont été découverts deux sarcophages miniatures et 13 tombes en briques. Ces petits sarcophages, ainsi que certaines tombes miniatures, contenaient des ossements d’individus adultes, ce qui incite à conclure que les dépouilles de défunts enterrés dans les nécropoles de Sirmium, situées hors de l’enceinte de la ville, ont été transportées à quelque moment dans la nécropole nouvellement formée intra muros. La création de cette nécropole est liée à l’érection de la basilique à l’intérieur de l’enceinte de la ville en 426. La nécropole était en fonction jusqu’à la destruction hunnique de la ville en 441. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177007: La romanisation, l’urbanisation et la transformation des centres urbains du charactère civil, militaire et résidentiel dansles provinces romaines sur la territoire de Serbie]
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La scena di caccia
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(italijanski) In questo studio l'argomento della ricerca si focalizza sulle scene di caccia come motivo di decorazione, nella maggior parte dei fregi delle stele funerarie della Moesia Superior. Verranno indagate le caratteristiche iconografiche ed il simbolismo; in base a quest'esempio, si tenterà di evidenziare l'esistenza del legame tra le botteghe dei monumenti di lusso della Moesia Superior, cioè di quelle di Viminacium, e quelle della Pannonia e del Noricum.
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Late Hallstatt pottery from north-eastern Serbia (6th to 4th century BC)
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By looking at prehistoric collections and unpublished material from the museums in north-eastern Serbia, as well as by surveying and excavating, new information was gained which fulfills the image of material and spiritual culture of prehistoric communities from the end of the Early Iron Age. Usually, for a closer chronological determination, metal jewellery and weapons were considered. Pottery finds were published only occasionally, usually due to contexts which were not clear enough, or due to chronological insensitivity (unless they were grave goods), but also due to stylistic and typological differences not clearly distinguished between the 'Basarabi' culture and the culture of 'channelled pottery'. This paper aims to define features of pottery production from different sites, more precisely, those found in the territory between the Iron Gates, Ključ and the Timok valley.
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Late Roman fortifications in the Leskovac basin in relation to urban Centres
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Due to a general insecurity and the need to protect the population and communications, towards the end of the 4th century a large number of Late Roman fortifications were built in the region of the Leskovac basin, mainly towards the edges. Their distribution was determined by the level of the region’s population density, its resources and by the need to control the roads. These were predominantly smaller fortifications whose primary role was the protection of the local population, who lived off the land and bred cattle. However, the largest number of these is in the western part of the basin, in the mountainous regions of Goljak, Majdan, Radan and Pasjača, whilst the highest density of fortifications is in the Banjska Reka valley, around the village of Sijarina. The whole region was known for its mining activity in previous centuries. A particular group comprises the fortifications around Caričin Grad - Justiniana Prima, whose main role was the defence of the access to the city. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. 177021: Urbanisation Processes and Development of Mediaeval Society]
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Late Roman necropolis Beljnjača in Šid
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After accidental discovery of the Late Roman sarcophagus in Šid there were conducted rescue archaeological excavations in 1998. On that occasion has been discovered underground rectangular structure - crypt where the sarcophagus had been placed. In the immediate vicinity has been discovered a grave of a female buried in simple burial pit. In this work we are discussing representations of soldiers on the sarcophagus, dating of the find and possibility of the villa existing in the immediate vicinity of the necropolis.
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Late Roman necropolis of Romuliana, area south of the fortified palace
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The purpose of research conducted from 2004-2007 within the scope of international cooperation with the Roman-Germanic Commission of the German Institute of Archaeology in Frankfurt was to investigate the site of Gamzigrad - Romuliana in the extra muros area, by means of geophysical methods and archaeological probe excavations. Based on a geophysical survey in 2005-2006, revisory excavations were carried out south of the fortified imperial palace, Felix Romuliana, whereby the necropolis of Romuliana, dating from Late Roman period, was partly explored.
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Late Vinča culture settlement at Crkvine in Stubline
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The site Crkvine is situated in the vicinity of the village Stubline in the borough of Obrenovac around 40 km to the southwest of Belgrade (Serbia). In the first section of this work we present the comprehensive report about the investigations carried out so far. The geomagnetic prospection undertaken from 2006 to 2008 covered an area of 32,400 square meters and the obtained results indicate the existence of around 100 houses built in rows around the rather large open areas as well as the trenches surrounding the settlement. The investigations of the house 1/2008 dating from the Vinča culture D-2 period yielded in addition to the data concerning its interior organization also a unique find of the group of 46 figurines with 11 models of miniature tools. In the second section of this work we discuss the prospects, which future investigations of this site and its environment could provide concerning the study of the social organization in the very end of the Vinča culture.
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Late antique domus in Skelani (Municipium Malvesiatium)
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During June and July 2014, at the site of Zadružni Dom in Skelani, archaeological investigations of the late antique building were carried out, whose rooms were first discovered in the course of archaeological excavations in 2008. The building has a rectangular base, of a northeast-southwest orientation, with the discovered part measuring 20.90 x 30.90 m. What is distinguishable within the asymmetrical base is an entrance, along with eleven rooms, two of which have apses, and a peristyle, i.e. an inner courtyard with a roofed corridor surrounding it which connects all the rooms of the building. During the archaeological excavations, entrance thresholds and extremely well preserved mortar floors with mortar skirting were noted in most rooms, along with traces of fresco painting on the walls and mosaic floors, executed in the opus tesselatum technique, observed in several rooms, the peristyle and the encompassing corridor. The discovered mosaic fragments are decorated with geometric motifs in the form of a swastika, a Solomon’s knot, a square, a rhomboid, overlapping circles, etc. and floral motifs of ivy and petals, as well as a double braid motif. Small but, unfortunately, fragmented pieces of a mosaic with a figural representation were discovered in the central part of the peristyle, while the mosaic in room K was decorated with a motif portraying the winged head of Medusa. Two construction phases were noted, an older and a younger, with the walls, which were two Roman feet wide and built from dressed stone, and the older mortar floor belonging to the older construction phase, and the second, younger construction phase comprising mosaics, fresco painting, the younger mortar floor and two furnaces. Contemplating the planimetry of the building, one gets the impression of the rooms being divided between two parts - public and private, whereby the public part of the building would be located near the main entrance hall and would comprise rooms A, B, C, D and F, with mortar floors and traces of fresco painting on the walls. The other, possibly private, part of the building would include five rooms G, H, I, J and K and the inner courtyard. Rooms I, J and K had floor and wall heating, while rooms G and H had an arched apse and possibly functioned as a reception hall and/or a stibadium. The hallway with mosaics, which flanks the inner courtyard, was most likely roofed. Traces of burning in the north-western corridor testify to the destruction of the building in a fire. Based on the architectural elements and the traces of fresco painting and mosaics in the building at the site of Zadružni Dom in Skelani, it can be deduced that this is a late antique building which can roughly be dated to the period between the end of the 3rd and the mid-4th century AD, and whose lavish decoration implies that it was owned by an affluent resident of Skelani from the aforementioned period.
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Late antique necropolis in Davidovac-Crkvište
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In 2012, in the village Davidovac situated in south Serbia, 9.5 km south-west from Vranje, archaeological investigations were conducted on the site Crkvište. The remains of the smaller bronze-age settlement were discovered, above which a late antique horizon was later formed. Apart from modest remains of a bronze-age house and pits, a late antique necropolis was also excavated, of which two vaulted tombs and nine graves were inspected during this campaign. During the excavation of the northern sector of the site Davidovac-Crkvište the north-eastern periphery of the necropolis is detected. Graves 1-3, 5 and 6 are situated on the northeastern borderline of necropolis, while the position of the tombs and the remaining four graves (4, 7-9) in their vicinity point that the necropolis was further spreading to the west and to the southwest, occupying the mount on which the church of St. George and modern graveyard are situated nowadays. All graves are oriented in the direction SW-NE, with the deviance between 3° and 17°, in four cases toward the south and in seven cases toward the north, while the largest part of those deviations is between 3° and 8°. Few small finds from the layer above the graves can in some way enable the determination of their dating. Those are two roman coins, one from the reign of emperor Valens (364-378), as well as the fibula of the type Viminacium-Novae which is chronologically tied to a longer period from the middle of the 5th to the middle of the 6th century, although there are some geographically close analogies dated to the end of the 4th or the beginning of the 5th century. Analogies for the tombs from Davidovac can be found on numerous sites, like in Sirmium as well as in Macvanska Mitrovica, where they are dated to the 4th-5th century. Similar situation was detected in Viminacium, former capital of the roman province of Upper Moesia. In ancient Naissus, on the site of Jagodin Mala, simple rectangular tombs were distributed in rows, while the complex painted tombs with Christian motifs were also found and dated by the coins to the period from the 4th to the 6th century. Also, in Kolovrat near Prijepolje simple vaulted tombs with walled dromos were excavated. During the excavations on the nearby site Davidovac-Gradište, 39 graves of type Mala Kopašnica-Sase dated to the 2nd-3rd century were found, as well as 67 cist graves, which were dated by the coins of Constantius II, jewellery and buckles to the second half of the 4th or the first half of the 5th century. Based on all above mentioned it can be concluded that during the period from the 2nd to the 6th century in this area existed a roman and late antique settlement and several necropolises, formed along an important ancient road Via militaris, traced at the length of over 130 m in the direction NE-SW. Data gained with the anthropological analyses of 10 skeletons from the site Davidovac-Crkvište don't give enough information for a conclusion about the paleo-demographical structure of the population that lived here during late antiquity. Important results about the paleo-pathological changes, which do not occur often on archaeological sites, as well as the clearer picture about this population in total, will be acquired after the osteological material from the site Davidovac-Gradište is statistically analysed.
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