Kultura
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The Kultura Journal is an international scientific journal for the theory and sociology of culture and cultural policy, which follows culture in the widest sense of the word where science, education and all human activities are taken as its integral part.
It was started in 1968 courtesy to the efforts of Stevan Majstorović, founder of the Centre for Studies in Cultural Development, with the objective to encourage integrative, analytical and critical interpretations of the modern cultural phenomena.
At the time of its establishment, the Kultura Journal was unique in the domain of intellectual thought both in terms of its concept and its design. Since the first issue, i.e. over the fifty years of its existence, Kultura has been and has remained open to creative ideas from the country and the world, as seen from the texts of important foreign authors and contributions from professionals coming from the cultural centres of former Yugoslavia, as well as domestic authors who offered new ideas and approaches to culture. The recognizable design solution of the logo of the journal and its cover page were created by the artist and calligraphist Božidar Bole Miloradović, for the very first number.
As of 1971, the issues were edited thematically, which has been dominant practice to this date, with the aim of enriching certain thematic fields in our cultural and scientific community.
The first Editorial Board of the Kultura Journal consisted of eleven members, led by the Editor-in Chief Stevan Majstorović and Trivo Inđić, as conceptual instigators of the journal which heralded a new orientation in the intellectual field. Members of the Editorial Board were: Slobodan Canić, Dragutin Gostuški, Vujadin Jokić, Danica Mojsin, Mirjana Nikolić, Nebojša Popov, Bogdan Tirnanić, Milan Vojnović and Tihomir Vučković. Over the five decades of the Kultura Journal, editorial boards changed several times.
Kultura is issued every three months (four times a year) and its printing has been financed by the Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Serbia since 2001. With support of the competent ministry, all numbers of this journal, from the first to the last issue, were digitalized in 2009. As a result, a DVD containing digital form of the journal, was available with the issue No. 129, titled "Electronic libraries". A few years later, in 2013, Kultura switched to the Cyrillic script, with an important note that it still published in Latin script those authors from the region who originally use Latin script(Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia). With the issue No. 140, on the occasion of marking the 45th anniversary of the Kultura Journal, a special USB was made available, with all the texts from the numbers 1-137. The web page of the Centre for Studies in Cultural Development contains all the texts ever published in any issue of the Kultura Journal over half a century of its existence.
The Department for Registration of Journals of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, the Kultura Journal was registered in 2005 (when categorisation of scientific journals started) marked as category P53. In 2010,it was registered as category M52 in the group of journals for history, art,history, ethnology and archaeology. At the beginning of July 2012, the journal advanced to the category of national interest, by Decision of the Ministry of education, science and technological development of the Republic of Serbia (M51).
Kultura is regularly deposited with the Repository of the National Library of Serbia, and since 2010, it has been included in the Serbian Quotation Index, where the texts published in Kultura can be found in full digital form. As of 2011, the texts i.e. scientific articles, apart from the regular UDK (universal decimal classification) also carry specific DOI (Digital Object Identifier) codes, that allow for their greater visibility and international indexing under international standards. In the meantime,electronic version of the journal was started i.e. the first steps were made towards electronic edition by CEON (Service for monitoring, measuring and valorisation of scientific journals) through Aseestant electronic editing programme. This has contributed to the quality of published articles, as the editorial board now have at their disposal adequate programmes for text checking in terms of correct citation sand listings of references as well as prevention of plagiarism.
Kultura is regularly delivered to the National Library of Serbia in Belgrade, Belgrade City Library,University Library "Svetozar Marković" in Belgrade, Library of Matica Srpska in Novi Sad, Library of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Belgrade, Library of the Rectorate of the University of Arts in Belgrade, University Library in Niš and University Library in Kragujevac. The Kultura Journalis regularly received by numerous interested institutions of culture (libraries, theatres, museums, culture centres) as well as individuals. The Journal nurtures professional exchanges with many similar institutions and magazines in the country, region and in Europe (Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia,Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, Switzerland and other countries).
In addition to respecting scientific rules and standards for publishing scientific papers, Kultura has not lost the curiosity or the freshness of an avant-garde magazine dealing with both eternal and very actual topics.
Pages
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- Deleuze and Guattari's rhizome concept in architecture, art and design
- The author deals with the rhizome concept in art, design and architecture pointing to the fact that these disciplines are a combination of esthetic, psychological and political differences which are constantly exposed to complex interactions. The rhyzome concept fits into the Postmodern where all dots connect, where there is no more growth and everything relates to anything. The division into reality (of the world), the representation (books) and the subjectivity (author) no longer exists. The idea of the rhizoma connects with the Rem Koolhaas's narrative on the modern city of Junkspace, which is compared to a postmodern airport space, referring to its architectural and spatial features.
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- Denis Thompson on paternalism
- The text presents Denis Thompson's analysis of paternalism. The one for whatever reason unable to function idependently falls to a submissive position and under a tutorship. Of particular importance is that the tutorship is not always taken with the same enthusiasm and optimism - it depends on the type of favour in question, on what is given and what is asked for. It is significant that tutor's attitude is often narcissistic.
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- Developing the culture of linguistic expression of pupils inside and outside the school environment
- The culture of linguistic expression as a communication skill, and therefore part of general culture, is subject to a number of developmental and environmental influences. In this paper, the authors, wanting to determine the impact of school and nonschool factors on the culture of the linguistic expression of pupils at a younger school age, examine the opinions of teachers (N = 273) on the following: (a) Which factors largely contribute to the development of the culture of linguistic expression of pupils? (b) Which factors largely hinder the development of the culture of linguistic expression of pupils? According to the survey, school contributes most to the development of the culture of linguistic expression in pupils, while means of mass communication have the greatest negative impact on the development of language competences in pupils at a younger school age. These findings emphasize the issue of media literacy or media education, in which parents, teachers and schools, respectively, would be the main media socializators in the field of the culture of linguistic expression.
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- Development of Romanian literary creation in Vojvodina after the First World War
- In this paper we will analyse the historical progress of the development of the Romanian intelligentsia in Vojvodina, the establishing of Romanian institutions as a result of intellectual activism, but also the emergence of the first magazines and writers in Vojvodina who contributed to the development of Romanian mentality and culture in this area. In the first part of the paper, we will present the historical context of the appearance of the first publications in Romanian, then the presence of literary works in Romanian magazines, publication of the first books in Romanian and the beginnings of the publishing house Libertatea from Pančevo. The aim of this paper is to show to a wider readership the development of the Romanian writing culture in Vojvodina after the First World War until the last decades of the twentieth century, when the Romanian books can be placed side by side with the books of other minorities in Vojvodina. Romanian literature, although relatively "young", developed rapidly, reaching the level of the literature in the home country in less than a century. Due to its geographical origin and intercultural permeation on the territory of Vojvodina, Romanian literature is unique, interesting and can be explored as a special cultural phenomenon.
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- Development of science in Yugoslavia after the Second World War
- Science had a very important role in the plans of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia after the Second World War and its coming to power. In accordance with its unlimited power, the Party had full control over defining and implementing science policy and over the work of scientific institutions and scientists. The control was carried out through state bodies and omnipotent Party Agitprop apparatus. Therefore, the autonomy of scientific institutions and scientists was completely repressed with universities, academies of sciences and institutes completely adapted to a new political and socioeconomic system. To the end of the '40s, science policy in Yugoslavia was based on Soviet influences and models. But, after the 1948 Yugoslav-Soviet conflict, crucial changes occurred, soviet models were abandoned and scientific ties with the Soviet Union were temporarily severed. Since the beginning of the '50s, the Yugoslav scientific life witnessed some decentralization and liberalization, but still in the frames of unquestionable dominance of the Communist Party and its ideology. In that period, rapid development of science began, which led to more institutions, experts and equipment. During the '50s, an intensive development of international cooperation also started. In time, that cooperation became more and more intensive and oriented both to the East and the West, as well as to the undeveloped Asian and African countries. Since the '50s, self-management was implemented in Yugoslav scientific institutions. Also, decentralisation of the federal authorities' competences in the management of science was accelerated and those competences were gradually transferred to the republics and provinces, especially after the 1974 Constitution. At the same time, the Associated Work Law from 1976 subjected the scientific work to the complicated and inefficient self-managing system. Despite new results and ambitions in the '80s, this system significantly slowed down development of science, aided by political and economic crisis, weakening of the state and approximation of its collapse.
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- Development of the Olympic Museum in the light of the centennial anniversary of Olympism in Serbia
- The 2010 centennial celebration of the Olympic Movement in Serbia was the reason for re-raising the issue of setting up a permanent Olympic Museum exhibition and also reconsidering the legacy exhibits related to the history of Serbian sports. This paper provides an analysis of the development of the Belgrade Olympic Museum since setting up of the first collection in 1947 at the old DIF (State Institute of Physical Culture), through formation of a permanent exhibition at the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education in 1979, on to the last exhibition in London during the 2012 Olympics. Moreover, it highlights the problem of constantly increasing collection deposits, as well as the methods for its long-term solution. Special attention is given to the promotion of the Olympic Museum through the presentation of exhibitions in-house and abroad, as well as the possibility for their presentation to a broad audience through the concept of new museology.
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- Dialectics of domination and resistance in cultural studies
- In this paper we will deal with the way in which cultural studies understand the role of popular culture in establishing ideological domination and in creating resistance against it. In order to research this, we will divide the development of cultural studies into three periods: the period of the Frankfurt School, the period of the founding of the Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies in Birmingham and the mature period in which we will consider the works of John Fiske. In each of these periods, we will explore the ways in which the authors conceptualize the relationship of popular culture to other social spheres, its role in creating ideological domination and its capacities for creating resistance. Our thesis will be that the changes of conceptualizations in each of these periods are caused by authors reacting to social circumstances and that these reactions take the form of gradual rejecting of the Marxist theoretical positions. We claim that this has resulted in the understanding of culture as more and more autonomous and also in a fragmentary conceptualization of the society. In the end, we will claim that in the third period, cultural studies have begun to correspond to the ideological interests of the neoliberal capitalism.
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- Dialectics of memory and logic of forgetting
- Inspired by the experience of the Soviet Union in the aftermath of World War II, many cities of former Yugoslavia created the so-called children's railways. These pioneer railways played multiple roles in the society at that time. Apart from the fact that their construction was ideologically motivated, another purpose of the pioneer railways in the postwar period was to provide a happy childhood to children. Also, the idea was for the young people to develop their orientation to technical professions from the early days, as well as admiration and respect for the railroad professions and traffic engineering in general. Although they did not last for long, analysis of the children's railways can give us a picturesque insight into the ambitious cultural and educational policies of that time, the use of propaganda machinery to support the project, and in particular, it shows general social lethargy that has overcome the preservation and use of heritage. Specifically, the educational function of the pioneer railways was extremely emphasized, since they were intended to develop ethical values, the will for unselfish work for the community, and work discipline. This paper particularly case studies the reasons and origins of establishment, the duration and the factors for the disappearance of the Pioneer Railway in Košutnjak, Belgrade. In case of this particular railway, we actually do not have any doubts as to how such an ambitious educational vision happened to be overturned overnight - the answer to that is clear. Unfortunately, it did not become an unsustainable megalomaniacal project over time: it was like that from the very beginning. Also, the main question remains: Why did we allow lack of wider social care or in other words, how did we lose almost every memory of this educational vision?.
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- Dialectics of the body
- Film as a language system, selecting and crossing certain elements, uses special connotations and forms its own meanings. Female body on the film, however, can be viewed and studied as a specific platform within the cinematic language through which new and different meanings can be read and also communicated as relationships between them. For decades have art theorists speculated about a possible feminist film language, as a new cinematic language that would open and set free a space for the representation of the female subject outside the socially coded form. Is such a discursive space in the area of film as a media possible, and what has the art of cinema offered to date these are the questions answered in this study. A particular research challenge is the issue of the inability of the feminist representation of the subject in the movie as a stereotyped signifying system. The autonomy of art as a practice framed in terms of ideological discourse production is reorganized and transformed thanks to the influence of materialist approach to semiotics - a concept which involves erasing established social differences and transformation of signifying structures in language. Poststructuralist theories of the twentieth century, including 'Semiotics' by Julia Kristeva, launched a revision of the study and interpretation of the film, with a special contribution to the feminist studies of images, linking semiotic with the female, trying to reach out to the language independent symbolic structures and oppressive, eroticized view of the female body. What both these theoretical streams are trying to signify is a field in which a woman appears as a signifier of the female subject, regardless of the dominant masculine discourse in the visual field of communication: the one that constructs the view, the subject and the object and the language itself. Such examples can be found among the directors of primarily surrealist, experimental and feminist films, such as Men Rey, Cocteau, Maya Deren, Lora Malvi, or contemporary ones like David Lynch, Lars von Trier and Wim Wenders, whose poetics examine the limits of operation of such a language using a variety of art approaches and technologies, giving priority to the extension of the semiotics into a symbolically established reality.
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- Diesel power
- First products of the hip hop culture reached the Socialist Federative Republic of Yugoslavia in the first half of the 1980s, about the same time they arrived in Western Europe. Still, hip hop, taken as a rounded lifestyle, did not establish itself as a separate subculture within a thin layer of urban middle-class youth until the early 1990s, with help of satellite television, foreign magazines and bootleg tapes. Some fifteen years after, hip hip became one of the most widespread youth cultures in Serbia. The objective of this paper is to research the evolution of this process, showing how more and more youth from different social strata have adopted hip hop while simultaneously adding new local meanings to the imported culture. The article argues for the thesis that the spreading of hip hop was allowed through acceptance of a diverse local heritage of turbo-folk, funk influences in the pop-music and the urban Roma culture. The rappers' imitation of the dressing styles, slang and diesel subculture attitudes from the early 1990s, which promoted criminal lifestyles, is given as an example.
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- Difference in serenity
- Two stories have been studied using a comparative method: Death in Venice by Thomas Mann and Byron in Sintra by Ivo Andrić. Connection in the poetics of these two authors is found by pointing out similar motifs and processing them. Comparison is achieved at four different levels: the treatment of cities in these stories; the treatment of artists as heroes of narratives; the form of beauty and love which they seek; and the different action of beauty and love for them. The actions of the protagonists provoke general moral issues. At the same time, the theme of love connects and separates these stories. Special attention is devoted to defining differences in the serenity of the narratives.
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- Digital communication and audience
- "Digital Communication and Audience: From an Observer to a Participant? " considers ways in which varied types of cooperation and the active role of an individual in the creation and distribution of content are essential for the field of contemporary XXI century culture. The main focus is on the audience and the changes in the attitude of that audience towards consuming and creating content, primarily the changes influenced by the developments in information and communication technologies. In the introduction, the author offers basic observations regarding meaning of the term "audience", followed by consideration of changes in the needs, daily habits and activities of that audience (or a user) in the context of digital society. Considering traditional understanding and interpretation of the role that an audience plays, which primarily presumes its passive role - the role of a consumer/recipient of the daily creation and distribution of information, this paper attempts to challenge that notion and bring forth a better understanding of more active and creative roles and potentials of the modern audiences.