Kultura
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The Kultura Journal is an international scientific journal for the theory and sociology of culture and cultural policy, which follows culture in the widest sense of the word where science, education and all human activities are taken as its integral part.
It was started in 1968 courtesy to the efforts of Stevan Majstorović, founder of the Centre for Studies in Cultural Development, with the objective to encourage integrative, analytical and critical interpretations of the modern cultural phenomena.
At the time of its establishment, the Kultura Journal was unique in the domain of intellectual thought both in terms of its concept and its design. Since the first issue, i.e. over the fifty years of its existence, Kultura has been and has remained open to creative ideas from the country and the world, as seen from the texts of important foreign authors and contributions from professionals coming from the cultural centres of former Yugoslavia, as well as domestic authors who offered new ideas and approaches to culture. The recognizable design solution of the logo of the journal and its cover page were created by the artist and calligraphist Božidar Bole Miloradović, for the very first number.
As of 1971, the issues were edited thematically, which has been dominant practice to this date, with the aim of enriching certain thematic fields in our cultural and scientific community.
The first Editorial Board of the Kultura Journal consisted of eleven members, led by the Editor-in Chief Stevan Majstorović and Trivo Inđić, as conceptual instigators of the journal which heralded a new orientation in the intellectual field. Members of the Editorial Board were: Slobodan Canić, Dragutin Gostuški, Vujadin Jokić, Danica Mojsin, Mirjana Nikolić, Nebojša Popov, Bogdan Tirnanić, Milan Vojnović and Tihomir Vučković. Over the five decades of the Kultura Journal, editorial boards changed several times.
Kultura is issued every three months (four times a year) and its printing has been financed by the Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Serbia since 2001. With support of the competent ministry, all numbers of this journal, from the first to the last issue, were digitalized in 2009. As a result, a DVD containing digital form of the journal, was available with the issue No. 129, titled "Electronic libraries". A few years later, in 2013, Kultura switched to the Cyrillic script, with an important note that it still published in Latin script those authors from the region who originally use Latin script(Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia). With the issue No. 140, on the occasion of marking the 45th anniversary of the Kultura Journal, a special USB was made available, with all the texts from the numbers 1-137. The web page of the Centre for Studies in Cultural Development contains all the texts ever published in any issue of the Kultura Journal over half a century of its existence.
The Department for Registration of Journals of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, the Kultura Journal was registered in 2005 (when categorisation of scientific journals started) marked as category P53. In 2010,it was registered as category M52 in the group of journals for history, art,history, ethnology and archaeology. At the beginning of July 2012, the journal advanced to the category of national interest, by Decision of the Ministry of education, science and technological development of the Republic of Serbia (M51).
Kultura is regularly deposited with the Repository of the National Library of Serbia, and since 2010, it has been included in the Serbian Quotation Index, where the texts published in Kultura can be found in full digital form. As of 2011, the texts i.e. scientific articles, apart from the regular UDK (universal decimal classification) also carry specific DOI (Digital Object Identifier) codes, that allow for their greater visibility and international indexing under international standards. In the meantime,electronic version of the journal was started i.e. the first steps were made towards electronic edition by CEON (Service for monitoring, measuring and valorisation of scientific journals) through Aseestant electronic editing programme. This has contributed to the quality of published articles, as the editorial board now have at their disposal adequate programmes for text checking in terms of correct citation sand listings of references as well as prevention of plagiarism.
Kultura is regularly delivered to the National Library of Serbia in Belgrade, Belgrade City Library,University Library "Svetozar Marković" in Belgrade, Library of Matica Srpska in Novi Sad, Library of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Belgrade, Library of the Rectorate of the University of Arts in Belgrade, University Library in Niš and University Library in Kragujevac. The Kultura Journalis regularly received by numerous interested institutions of culture (libraries, theatres, museums, culture centres) as well as individuals. The Journal nurtures professional exchanges with many similar institutions and magazines in the country, region and in Europe (Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia,Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, Switzerland and other countries).
In addition to respecting scientific rules and standards for publishing scientific papers, Kultura has not lost the curiosity or the freshness of an avant-garde magazine dealing with both eternal and very actual topics.
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- Application of statistical methods in film, media and dramatic text analysis
- The aim of this paper is to propose and to present the use of statistical quantitative and qualitative research methods in the analysis of film, media and dramatic texts. In order to fulfil the goal, the film Gone Girl (2014) was analysed as a case study by using contrast analysis, analysis of the structure configuration, correlation analysis, distance and factor analysis. Statistical analyses were performed following the 17 characters and the two phenomena, with six variables. The film was analysed as a whole and divided into smaller narrative segments. The results of the analysis show that the application of statistical quantitative and qualitative methods have not led to the trivialization of the problem and the process of concluding, but have helped in discovering the deep layers of the dramatic text instead. Conclusion was drawn that statistical quantitative and qualitative methods should become part of the methodological apparatus in analyses of film, media and dramatic texts.
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- Army and urban cityscape of Belgrade during 19th and early 20th century
- Role of the army in the development of Belgrade was not directly but rather indirectly linked to the development of urban and regulatory planning. Namely, the cartographic work of armyhired officers and experts represents an important legacy in the urban planning history. In addition to this role, military skills were greatly appreciated in the first institutions that regulated the construction and architectural projects in Serbia. Military barracks in Belgrade from the time of Prince Miloš served as inspiration for the construction of other public buildings. Military facilities, which were not separated from buildings for civilian use, had been built in the vicinity of the Great Barrack. There was no plan for creating a separate military district but the idea was to have military facilities located close to each other, so as to ensure efficient functioning of the army. Therefore, the locations chosen for certain military facilities had not always been optimal solutions when it came to their function and meaning. Many of them were built as representative buildings in order to emphasize the important role of the Serbian army in the realization of the objectives of national policy. After gaining independence in 1878, military facilities progressively occupied the surroundings of Belgrade in addition to the central parts of the city. On the one hand, this came as a result of the development of Belgrade and the new needs of its residents, and also due to the growing army and its subsequently increased demands for modern training which needed to be conducted in a free and uninhabited area. These challenges were resolved spontaneously, leading to solutions that failed to fulfill all military requirements and needs which were also at the expense of the needs of the municipality of Belgrade.
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- Ars Amatoria, the problem of love in La Mort le Roi Artus
- The main subject of this paper is the problem of love as shown in the Old French Arthurian romance called the Vulgata Cycle, especially its last part - La Mort le Roi Artus. This thirteenth century romance is the basis for all other Arthurian tales as it represents a summary of all themes associated with the legends of King Arthur and courtly literature, such as the forbidden love between Lancelot and Guinevere, the quest for the Graal and other adventures of the Knights of the Round Table. The main theme however, woven through each of the presented tales throughout the whole work, is love. Whether it's the amor encompassed with the ideal of the chivalric code emphasizing its spiritual component or profane mortal love, this emotion is omnipresent in the plot. Based on the examples of many different forms of love, the paper will demonstrate the link between how the emotion of love and its manifestations were described in the romance and what the then leading philosophical theories had to say about amor and emotions. With this comparison an attempt will be made to find the connection between prevalences described in the romance and the philosophical truths.
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- Art and money
- During the examined period, the state exercised ideological control over all segments of public life including artistic creation. This control was particularly pronounced in the years following the Second World War, even though it was present throughout the entire period. In theatres, it was expressed through various forms, of which the most significant were political censorship on the one hand, and on the other, their dependence on state financing. Since a lot has already been written on the significance of the ideological factor, we will instead focus on the influence of the financial circumstances on the formation of theatre repertoires in Belgrade, between 1945 and 1980. Roughly speaking, two major phases were identified. The first one, the period of centralization, was the period of strong state control of the theatre repertoires in Belgrade, also accompanied with firm financial support. The other period, the period of decentralization, allowed theatres to create their repertoires more freely, but also meant that they had to partly obtain financing from other sources.
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- Art and politics
- When the Hungarian Arpad dynasty died out, princesses Mary and Katelina Arpad were the two key figures in medieval Game of Thrones in Hungary. In the politics of the Middle Ages, and today, the media war has played a very important role. In order to manipulate, visual message had, at least equal, if not greater impact than the written or spoken word. The royal portraits are key clues for the study of media wars of the Middle Ages. In addition to Irina Piroska, only two princesses of the first Hungarian royal family Arpad whose portraits are preserved, are Princess Katelina and Mary. Portrait of Princess Mary is preserved in the Anjou Bible from Naples, while the portrait of Princess Katelina in the narthex of the church of St. Achilles in Arilje. The main function of the portrait was to provide an ideal picture of the ruler or his wife. For the ruler, a good reputation played an important role since the earliest times, through the Middle Ages, and so it has remained to this day. Today, the image of the ideal ruler is created by a whole team of people, but a similar situation was also in the Middle Ages. With a picture of the ideal ruler necessarily goes the picture of the ideal wife, whose name and reputation should not be doubted. Something like a picture of Jackie Kennedy and Jovanka Broz in the twentieth century. It is clear that the role of women in the Middle Ages in culture and politics was much more limited compared to men, both in Western Europe and in Byzantium. However the role of women cannot be neglected in a society in which political influence was based on power and reputation of the great noble families, which made their political connections by marriage.
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- Art and technology
- In this paper we will deal with those theoretical aspects that shed light on the essential relationship between technology and art. This study gains importance especially today, when we witness a widespread and unstoppable acceleration of the technological progress, especially in the domain of high technologies, where the art as part of the cultural system becomes affected by the omnipresent technological euphoria. However, as we shall see in this paper, strong conceptual connections between art and technology as social activities, have existed long before the technology boom in the second half of the 20th century. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to point to the essential fact that the technology and art have always shared and still share the same fate of civilizational and human development in a specific form of partnership.
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- Art attack
- This paper aims to show how new and challenging trends in art generate and redefine ways of curating: It examines three trends. Firstly, the art being violently attacked; Secondly, the art incorporating violence and destruction as a part of its being; And thirdly, the art that attacks or fights back. The relationship between art and violence is conceptualised through the phenomenon of iconoclasm and the transformation of its meaning over time. Iconoclasm as a common name for acts of violence against works of art gradually evolves towards a positive meaning referring to innovation and avant-garde in art. Firstly, a brief history of violence surrounding art is discussed by examining two recent contemporary London exhibitions (Art under Attack: Histories of British Iconoclasm at Tate Britain and La Fine di Dio, Maurizzio Cattelan Lucio Fontana at Gagosian Gallery, London). Attacks on art were rarely driven by strictly aesthetic concerns; they were often motivated by ideological, religious and political values. Although iconoclast attacks were unique events they all include the same elements: an artwork, an artist, an iconoclast, an owner and an audience. The paper further explores a relatively recent trend where art begins to incorporate violence and destruction as a part of its discourse form. In the final section, the art that attacks examines art itself as an attack on contemporary issues or icons.
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- Art education and teacher role from student perspective
- In this article we have been focused on studying the ways in which elementary school students experience art education and work of art teachers. We were interested in how students evaluate the difficulty and attraction of Art as a school subject, how much they are satisfied with the work of their art teachers and how much the work of their teachers has contributed to this subject becoming easier and more interesting to them. The sample covered 215 eighth grade students from different urban and rural elementary schools. For research purposes, a questionnaire was designed containing openended and closeended questions. The research results indicate that the largest number of students evaluated art education as medium interesting and very easy, also showing that students think that the attraction and the level of difficulty of the subject itself depend a lot on the teacher. The attraction and the difficulty of the subject mostly depend on: the method of work on the curriculum, the method of work of the teacher and the diversity of tasks given to students. The results therefore suggest that the professional competences of an art teacher are the key factor in successful teaching.
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- Art pedagogy
- In contemporary society children grow up surrounded by visual sensations. That is why pupils react positively as soon as they have the opportunity to learn through, or with help of visual arts. Since art is an essential part of human experience, pupils should be more involved with it and spend more time studying it during their compulsory education, in order to understand that man can communicate not only verbally but also though music, dance, drama and visual arts. The paper presents contemporary theorists and their perception of the benefits that visual arts have on education of children and youngsters and the effects that art education has on harmonious development of personality. Towards the end of the 20th century, many developed countries changed their understanding of the roles and functions of education in the field of visual arts in compulsory education and began developing new strategies regarding compulsory education in general, with special emphasis on art education.
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- Art vs. art
- The paper deals with the issue of use and abuse of art in the society of spectacle. If accepted that we are living in the world of simulation, surrounded by the 'terror' of media images which, for their turn, define social relations, inevitably arouses the question of art and its place in such a society. On the one hand, the dominant system uses creativity of artists-technicians who by cutting, propaganda and other forms of design (industrial, graphic, web, etc.) promote dominant values and enforce hegemony; on the other hand, the art, as we understand it, should firmly stand against the doxa and by critique, irony, subversion and paradox be a space of free expression of citizens and society.
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- Art, nature, science, craft, technique
- The author discusses the possibility of defining the concept of art. Using classical types of definition is rejected as it is impossible to unambiguously determine the diferentia specifica of art in relation to other human practices. Instead, the author suggests a different approach to this problem which is reflected in the examination of the differences between art, on the one hand, and nature, science, crafts and technique, on the other. While examining the relation between art and these other forms of human practices, the author also points out the most important historical transformations of the concept of art. Finally, the author concludes that, in the effort to define a modern concept of art, it is necessary to clear this concept of the inherited assumptions and prejudices that can distort its true meaning.
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- Attitudes of Belgrade citizens towards different types of graffiti
- Graffiti can be seen as a specific means of communication used by young people in urban environments. Graffiti are a very heterogeneous phenomenon, certain aspects of which border on art, while others remain in the domain of vandalism. Considering the absence of graffiti related research in our country, this study is exploratory and has two main goals - to assess the perception of Belgrade citizens on the prevalence of diverse types of stylized and non-stylized graffiti in different urban locations and to determine the participants' relationship towards graffiti, and their subtypes, as well as the appropriateness of a number of locations for creating graffiti. A convenient sample of 100 citizens of Belgrade has completed an on-line extensive questionnaire. The results indicate that non-stylized graffiti are perceived as more prevalent than stylized graffiti, while the relationship towards stylized graffiti is significantly more favourable. This finding could be explained by the greater amount of effort invested in stylized graffiti which leads to their higher aesthetic value. Certain public spaces - such as surrounding walls / fences, underpasses, overpasses and bridges - which are perceived as most covered in graffiti are at the same time seen as most appropriate for this type of activity.