Kultura
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The Kultura Journal is an international scientific journal for the theory and sociology of culture and cultural policy, which follows culture in the widest sense of the word where science, education and all human activities are taken as its integral part.
It was started in 1968 courtesy to the efforts of Stevan Majstorović, founder of the Centre for Studies in Cultural Development, with the objective to encourage integrative, analytical and critical interpretations of the modern cultural phenomena.
At the time of its establishment, the Kultura Journal was unique in the domain of intellectual thought both in terms of its concept and its design. Since the first issue, i.e. over the fifty years of its existence, Kultura has been and has remained open to creative ideas from the country and the world, as seen from the texts of important foreign authors and contributions from professionals coming from the cultural centres of former Yugoslavia, as well as domestic authors who offered new ideas and approaches to culture. The recognizable design solution of the logo of the journal and its cover page were created by the artist and calligraphist Božidar Bole Miloradović, for the very first number.
As of 1971, the issues were edited thematically, which has been dominant practice to this date, with the aim of enriching certain thematic fields in our cultural and scientific community.
The first Editorial Board of the Kultura Journal consisted of eleven members, led by the Editor-in Chief Stevan Majstorović and Trivo Inđić, as conceptual instigators of the journal which heralded a new orientation in the intellectual field. Members of the Editorial Board were: Slobodan Canić, Dragutin Gostuški, Vujadin Jokić, Danica Mojsin, Mirjana Nikolić, Nebojša Popov, Bogdan Tirnanić, Milan Vojnović and Tihomir Vučković. Over the five decades of the Kultura Journal, editorial boards changed several times.
Kultura is issued every three months (four times a year) and its printing has been financed by the Ministry of Culture and Information of the Republic of Serbia since 2001. With support of the competent ministry, all numbers of this journal, from the first to the last issue, were digitalized in 2009. As a result, a DVD containing digital form of the journal, was available with the issue No. 129, titled "Electronic libraries". A few years later, in 2013, Kultura switched to the Cyrillic script, with an important note that it still published in Latin script those authors from the region who originally use Latin script(Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia). With the issue No. 140, on the occasion of marking the 45th anniversary of the Kultura Journal, a special USB was made available, with all the texts from the numbers 1-137. The web page of the Centre for Studies in Cultural Development contains all the texts ever published in any issue of the Kultura Journal over half a century of its existence.
The Department for Registration of Journals of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia, the Kultura Journal was registered in 2005 (when categorisation of scientific journals started) marked as category P53. In 2010,it was registered as category M52 in the group of journals for history, art,history, ethnology and archaeology. At the beginning of July 2012, the journal advanced to the category of national interest, by Decision of the Ministry of education, science and technological development of the Republic of Serbia (M51).
Kultura is regularly deposited with the Repository of the National Library of Serbia, and since 2010, it has been included in the Serbian Quotation Index, where the texts published in Kultura can be found in full digital form. As of 2011, the texts i.e. scientific articles, apart from the regular UDK (universal decimal classification) also carry specific DOI (Digital Object Identifier) codes, that allow for their greater visibility and international indexing under international standards. In the meantime,electronic version of the journal was started i.e. the first steps were made towards electronic edition by CEON (Service for monitoring, measuring and valorisation of scientific journals) through Aseestant electronic editing programme. This has contributed to the quality of published articles, as the editorial board now have at their disposal adequate programmes for text checking in terms of correct citation sand listings of references as well as prevention of plagiarism.
Kultura is regularly delivered to the National Library of Serbia in Belgrade, Belgrade City Library,University Library "Svetozar Marković" in Belgrade, Library of Matica Srpska in Novi Sad, Library of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts in Belgrade, Library of the Rectorate of the University of Arts in Belgrade, University Library in Niš and University Library in Kragujevac. The Kultura Journalis regularly received by numerous interested institutions of culture (libraries, theatres, museums, culture centres) as well as individuals. The Journal nurtures professional exchanges with many similar institutions and magazines in the country, region and in Europe (Montenegro, Croatia, Slovenia,Hungary, Bulgaria, Germany, Switzerland and other countries).
In addition to respecting scientific rules and standards for publishing scientific papers, Kultura has not lost the curiosity or the freshness of an avant-garde magazine dealing with both eternal and very actual topics.
Pages
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- Attitudes of primary and secondary school students to art culture
- The paper presents results of a research aimed at determining how students evaluate Art as a school subject and how they assess Arts teachers' traits. The research was based on a questionnaire given to a sample of 220 primary and secondary school students. The research results indicate that a quarter of students classify Art classes among favorite subjects, those often being the students with lower general success rate than students with the higher one. There are no statistically significant differences when comparing the results of research in relation to variables: students' gender, the mark in Art, age and educational institutions. Art teachers' traits are a critical factor for students who put Art classes in the group their favourite subjects, followed by the contents of the subject and the teacher's approach to work. Results of the research on the Art teachers' traits raise questions of teachers' competences and motivation for work. More than a half of the respondents considered that Art as a subject is less valued when compared with other subjects, and they recognized the role of art teachers as a crucial one in encouraging the youth interest in visual arts. Concluding remarks indicate that the characteristics of the subject can be viewed through the competences of teachers to make the planned contents more accessible and interesting to each individual student. It is believed that the results of the study indicate that the subject of Art requires complex scientific research with the aim to create a solid and broad scientific basis and provide the social support for its further improvement. Key actors in encouraging the youth interests in visual arts and the promotion of multiple functions that Art has in the overall development of personality, and thereby in improving the status of arts in relation to other subjects, are not only school and Art teachers, but education policy-makers as well.
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- Audience and independent regulatory agency's attitudes towards reality programs in Serbia
- According to the official research data of the AGB Nielsen (April, 2010) people in Serbia spend more time watching TV than any other nation in the world. Reality shows are among the most popular programs on televisions with national frequency. While most of these programs are franchises, RTV Pink, the most popular commercial television in Serbia, offered the audience in the region a reality show of its own called Dvor (The Palace). Although the reality programs have been broadcasted in Serbia since 2005 (Veliki brat, Operacija trijumf, Survivor, Farma, Parovi, 48 sati svadba, Menjam ženu, Ja imam talenat, Radna akcija, Domaćine, oženi se, Paklena kuhinja, Vreme je za bebe, Maldivi), the controversial reactions of the public and media regulatory bodies culminated during the broadcasting of Dvor. The aim of this paper is to find out why physical violence and explicite hate speach in Dvor provoked more reactions of the audience (approval and disapproval alike), print media (detailed daily reports of what happened in the program) and media experts and independent regulatory bodies than similar incidents in other reality shows. The general hypothesis is that Dvor was so popular because of its share in Pink's program (more than 10 hours a day), as well as the fact that daily newspapers and magazines gave detailed reports of the events and participants of the show. The first particular hypothesis is that Dvor attracted great interest in the audience, but also in the media, simply because celebrities were the participants of the show. The second particular hypothesis is that the reactions and conclusions of the independent regulatory body - Republic Broadcasting Agency - after the incidents in this program, did not meet the expectations of media experts. The corpus of the study contains the selected fragments from the first (Ulazak) and last (Finale) episodes of the program, the situations in which physical violence and hate speech appeared, as well as the reactions of media experts in daily newspapers and magazines and the audience's comments on the Internet forums and social networks.
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- Avant-garde and critical realism
- This paper deals with a rereading of avant-garde and critical art practices that were emerging and developing in the interwar period in Yugoslavia, and their interrelations. Unlike dominant modernist art historical analyses that see a discontinuity and breakup with the avant-garde practices that predate it - in the 'socialist art' of the fourth decade of the twentieth century - this research is trying to read the above mentioned art practices as a certain continuity and with organic coherence. Through a case study of artistic practices of Mirko Kujačić, the paper will show strong influences of Zenithism and Surrealism on the 'socialist art', defining it the art of 'critical realism' (term by Lukács). It is stated that one can find avant-garde tendencies in the art of critical realism that take on different art methods and forms due to the changed sociopolitical circumstances, fast fascistization of the society and the proximity of war. In such political atmosphere, the avant-garde currents are reflected in the 'temporal overlaps' of art and politics.
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- Avant-garde, kitsch and leftist ideas
- The subject of this text is the relation between art and politics as it was practiced at the time of the rise of the European political Left, above all in the regions of the pre-war and post-war USSR. The thesis defended in the text is that all the totalitarian social-political systems form, in principle, a uniform attitude to arts as a powerful potential media for the promotion and transmission of their ideological and political messages, which mostly brings artistic creations to the verge of kitsch if not to its very centre. The other part of the thesis deals with events on the ex-Yugoslav post-war political and art scene, highlighting its specific features, especially those contained in the fact that kitsch was present on that scene rather as an (anti)-style of political life - above all of the language of the ruling politics of the time - than as a non-art.
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- Balancing conservation for the new museum
- The paper deals with redefinition of the role of conservation in museological system, in accordance with the changes in this field in the last two decades and with the emergence of new museological theory and practice. The author begins discussion with terminological distinction of the basic terms in conservation, considering them as limitations of great importance for the development of the field, and continues with defining the position of conservation and its relation with other functions within the museological system. Among existing models of museum functions, the author opts for CC model of Dutch Reinwardt Academie and uses it as the basis of a museum model proposal that takes the complex of conservation and documentation as the key function of the museological system, if the system is based on the possession of collections. This is tested by comparison of the changes that happened in the museum conservation practice and the consequences of proclaiming new museology. This comparison reveals to what measure the conservation, in theory and practice, adapted to the new museum, while keeping its significance because of the fact that collections remained the principal museum resource, even with new museological phenomena using different means of communication and different approaches to users.
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- Bandersnatch
- Bandersnatch, an episode of the science fiction anthology series Black Mirror distributed as an interactive choose-your-own-adventure film, raises the media content consumption to another level with its nonlinear broadcast format by allowing the viewer to seemingly create his or her own version of the film story. Bringing with its name into mind an image of a turned-off display, Black Mirror demonstrates the advantages and dangers of technology, radical technological advancement and its all-pervasiveness and invasiveness in everyday life. Although Bandersnatch is not an adaptation of any of Philip K. Dick's stories, it is a tribute to his fiction, with its interactive format and its content that both explicitly problematize issues of control, illusion of freedom and freedom of choice within a multi-layered labyrinth of non-authentic realities.
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- Baranja during the Grand National Assembly in Novi Sad and the creation of the Yugoslav state in 1918
- This paper covers a brief but dynamic period in the history of Baranja, at the time of creation of the first Yugoslav state. When it comes to the area of southern Hungary (Banat, Bačka, Baranja), the crucial events took place in the Grand National Assembly on November 25, 1918, when the decision was made to separate these territories from the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and to incorporate them into the Kingdom of Serbia, i.e. the future Yugoslav state. The aim of the paper is to synthesize and explain the processes and the events that occurred in Baranja immediately before and during the Grand National Assembly in Novi Sad until the First December Declaration when the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians was established. In this research, archival materials, contemporary newspapers and publications and relevant historiographic literature were used in order to analyze the historical period as accurately and comprehensively as possible.
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- Barriers to women's expertise in cultural sector
- In today's world there is an obvious imbalance between women's social role and their tangible social position, despite the eminent influence they have on all aspects of social, scientific, cultural, economic and other public activities. Different studies show that they are unable to ascend in their public roles and their public influence is slowly but surely diminishing. Even the cultural sector, which is routinely perceived as 'feminized' environment, is characterized by under- representation of women in management and governing structures. Liberal in outlook and egalitarian in character, cultural organizations often employ large portion of the female workforce, and hence have perfect conditions for aspiring women to become leaders in their fields of expertise. Studies, however, show that women are significantly under-represented at the top of the most prestigious cultural institutions. Throughout history, multiple cultural, political and structural barriers continue to handicap women in their fight for acceptance and recognition. This paper analyzes the barriers which prevent women from ascending to leading positions in their fields of expertise.
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- Basic legal solutions in culture
- This paper deals with separate and common characteristics of the currently valid statutory laws in the field of culture in four European countries. Those are: Germany (one of the most developed countries in Europe and one of the leading member states of the European Union), Greece (also member of the EU, but in different economic position; specially important for the European cultural heritage), Lithuania (former Soviet Union member, since 90s fast approaching the EU standards, also those in cultural policy) and Serbia, a country in transition, with its economical, political and cultural characteristics and factors. The aim of the research was to compare cultural policies of the countries above, based on adopted laws and other legal instruments of cultural policy. The research included the Constitutions of the countries above, top and bottom regulations in culture, (non)regulated areas in culture and arts, economical and political characteristics etc., and a detailed comparative analysis thereof. It is noted that modernization and changes in laws in the area of culture were aiming (in case of Serbia - are aiming) to adjust legislation to the European standards. The scope, structure and periods when existing legislation has been adopted, reflect the political priorities, aims and direction, social atmosphere and economic situation of a particular country. Despite economical situation and political instability, improvement of the cultural legislation in Serbia exists, although compared to other three countries a certain delay is obvious. The central element of cultural legislation in Serbia is Law on Culture, that came into force in March 2010. The last part of the paper deals with international declarations and conventions with statutory characteristics, as much as with process and dates of their ratification in each country. Central source of material for this paper was international web archive of evaluation on cultural policies Compendium, realized by ERICArts Institute.
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- Basic principles in the architecture of Nikola Dobrović
- Over fifty years since the death of architect Nikola Dobrović (18971967), his rich architectural practice has prompted a number of serious historical and scientific researches. In one of the first detailed studies, in an article entitled 'Nikola Dobrović or On the Increase With Time', nine key principles of Dobrović's architecture have been distinguished in a summary of previous studies. This paper is conceived as an imaginary dialogue with the author of the study, Ranko Radović (19352005), who was also an excellent architect and urbanist, professor and theoretician of contemporary architecture, as well as Dobrović's student and collaborator. Considering results of more recent researches, this work seeks to document and critically observe Radović's early insights and interpretations. Also, it aims to acknowledge, once again, yet from a new historical perspective, the value of Dobrović's 'messages and news, words and ideas, drawings and buildings, 'proper' space that is always part of the world' - as Radović has precisely pointed out.