Istraživanja – Journal of Historical Researches
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Istraživanja – Journal of Historical Researches is dedicated to publishing the best academic ideas regarding all aspects of socio-political processes and events primarily in the region of Central and South East Europe, as well as the Eastern Mediterranean. However, the geographical focus is not strict since the studies of all phenomena and processes which occur elsewhere but are relevant for mentioned geographical area are welcomed. Since the University of Novi Sad is located in the part of the world where different civilizations, cultures, religions and peoples have met and intertwined for millennia, Istraživanja especially emphasizes the critical research of the impact and significance of these mutual interactions and entanglements. The Journal greatly values an interdisciplinary approach, which is why it publishes not only the papers that study “typical” political history, but also works which critically analyze social and cultural life in the past (material culture, political thought, literature, religion, etc.) and come from the fields of archaeology, anthropology, ethnology, art history and classical studies. However, Istraživanja - Journal of Historical Researches does not publish "rough" unanalyzed materials, field, questionnaires and interviews reports, pure linguistic analyses or any kind of contributions limited to bare reproduction of data and uncritical synthesis of previous scholarship.
ISSN: 0350-2112
eISSN: 2406-1131
UDC: 94(082)
COBISS.SR-ID: 17763584
doi: 10.19090/i
Published by: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Philosophy, Journal website
Pages
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- RIMSKA SPOMENIČKO-EPIGRAFSKA PRAKSA
- Drawing on the recent reevaluations of the monumental-epigraphic practice, the aim of the paper is to emphasize diverse and multilayered meanings and uses of this particular social phenomenon. Instead of treating inscribed monuments as a monolithic cultural form, the author tries to argue the possibilities of more narrowly defined approaches that take into account time-, space- and social contexts. The usage of epigraphic monuments was dependent on diverse social settings and strategies that were utilized by various individuals and social groups in different and specific ways. This circumstance points to the existence of a number of particular monumental-epigraphic cultures, which are suited for the researches of the separate parts of the roman society. Therefore, epigraphic monuments can’t be used as an index of Romanization in the provinces either, since they were not the outcome of one strictly defined “roman culture” that was linked only to the “most Romanized” sections of the population. Whereas the spread of the Roman Empire was not the process of a simple one-direction acculturation, but the constant adaptation, re-contextualization, refusal or adoption of various social ideas, practices, and objects, inscribed monuments could have been subjected to the range of peculiar usages that had nothing to do with the notion of “becoming Roman”.
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- RUMUNI MEĐU PRVIM RUSINIMA U KRSTURU U XVIII VEKU
- The paper elaborates the period of the first organised immigration of the Greek Catholic Ruthenians from the north-eastern districts of Hungary to Kerestur in Bačka, which at that time was called Nagy Keresztur (Ruski Krstur today), with whom also came some Orthodox Rumanians. Since by the settlement contract only Greek Catholic Ruthenians were allowed to settle there from 1751 onward, the district authorities did not allow the Orthodox Rumanians to stay at the same place. Because of that, some Rumanians moved to other settlements to live side by side with the Orthodox Serbs, while some accepted the Greek Catholic faith and stayed in Kerestur.This paper, using the data from the census taken in Kerestur, traces the number of the Rumanians from the second half of the 18th to the middle of the 19th century, when there were eight Rumanian families living in the village. At the beginning of the 20th century the citizens of Ruski Krstur only vaguely remembered that the families Erdelji, Manjos and Vlah were of Rumanian origin, because they had been completely assimilated by that time.
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- RUSSIAN HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE PETROVSKY ERA
- This paper deals with the development of Russian historiography during the reign of Peter the Great. During the reign of this reformer ruler historiography was modernized in line with other general reforms. There was a significant increase in the number of documents that were created as a result of the establishment of new departments and sections in the state administration. These documents would become historical sources for writing contemporary history, which, among other things, had the task of glorifying the actions of rulers. Historiography was also modernized in terms of methodology because Western models of that time became generally accepted.
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- SCORCHED EARTH
- Death and destruction of peoples and lands are the reality of war. Since the Old Kingdom the destruction of enemy landscape is attested in Egyptian written sources and the number of attestations increases in the following periods, culminating in the New Kingdom. This is also the period when the first visual attestations of enemy landscape destruction appear. In this paper I will explore the actors, targets and acts concerning violence against enemy landscapes together with the use of landscape elements as metaphors for the violent treatments of enemies during the New Kingdom. The study shows that there are differences in representations of treatments of Syro-Palestinian and Nubian landscapes, which could be related to the reality of war itself, as monumental enemy fortresses did not exist in Upper Nubia, at least not on the same scale as in Syria-Palestine. This real difference went hand in hand with the ancient Egyptian construction of the Other as unsettled. Thus, urban landscapes of Syria-Palestine are objects of violence in the visual record where they are reduced to unsettled landscapes through destruction and desolation. It is also shown that this reality of war is additionally framed through Egyptian rules of decorum ascribing most of the destructions of landscape to the king and only some to the soldiers.
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- SLOVAKS IN YUGOSLAVIA AND IN ITS TERRITORIES UNDER FOREIGN OCCUPATION DURING WORLD WAR II
- Slovak minority has been co-creating a multicultural character of contemporary Serbia since the first half of the 18th century. The Slovaks living in former Yugoslavia as an integral part of the Yugoslav society also had to experience the turbulent events at the turn of the 1930s and 1940s. After the Axis invasion and destruction of Yugoslavia in April 1941 the Slovak community, historically settled in Bačka, Banat and Srem, was divided into three countries/occupational zones. Slovaks living in Srem became the citizens of independent Croatia, Slovaks living in Bačka became the citizens of the Hungarian Kingdom and Slovaks from Banat lived in territories under direct German occupation. The paper portrays main features of this minority’s political and cultural life in wartime Yugoslavia and its territories under foreign occupation, core problems of existence within changing regimes and the attitude of the Slovak minority towards the Slovak State (Slovak Republic) established on 14 March 1939 with an emphasis on religiously motivated conflicts between the mostly Lutheran Slovak minority in Yugoslavia and the Catholic regime of Hlinka’s Slovak People’s Party (the ruling and only allowed political party in the Slovak State/Republic).
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- SMRT I USKRSNUĆE MITA
- Virgil's didactic poem Georgike was written, among other things, as a kind of an intertextual dialogue with works of the poet’s predecessors and the established masters of this subgenre - Hesiod, Arat, and Lucretius above all. The paper was specifically focused on the controversy between Virgil and Lucretius on clarifying the everyday’s natural phenomena by engaging traditional mythological matrix: like writing the verses on the palimpsest, Virgil adds a new layer of meaning over already "given" Lucretius's text, using fully expected methods of the intertextual "duel", demythologization and dealegorization, thus reviving the myth which was tendentiously demystified and removed by his model.
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- SRPSKI VELIKAŠI U POLITIČKIM I VOJNIM PREVIRANJIMA OKO IZBORA VLADISLAVA II ZA KRALJA UGARSKE
- From the mid-1560s throughout Southern Hungary, numerous members of the Serbian feudal nobility began to cross the border and take up residence. Having received titles and lands, figures such as despot Vuk Grgurević, Miloš Belmužević, the brothers Jakšić, and later Đorđe and Jovan Branković all served faithfully under King Matthias Corvinus. After the king’s death on 6 April 1490, the question of electing the new ruler arose. Hungary was divided into five factions. As with other Hungarian nobles, the Serbs of Southern Hungary would frequently change sides and find themselves in opposing camps. At the Battle of Sárvíz, Serbs could be found in the troops of both the king’s minor son Ivaniš and his opponent. The Branković family of Srem first joined the ranks of the dead king’s son, then switched their support to Maximilian, until finally rallying behind Vladislaus II in the spring of 1491. In the days following the death of King Matthias, nobleman Miloš Belmužević supported Vladislaus II and remained a faithful retainer to the end of his life. Among numerous other sources, this work takes as its principal source the account of Antonio Bonfini regarding the events as found in the final three books of his work Rerum Ungaricarum Decades, tomus IV.
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- STATUS AS PERFORMANCE IN ROMAN SOCIETY
- Roman social historians have tended to focus on the choice between the modern terms ‘status’ and ‘class’ to characterise the nature of the groups that made up Roman society. Both these concepts seek to describe antiquity in modern sociological terms rather than relying on the limited perspective of the original actors; each can be seen as problematic, so that in recent years historians have often assumed instead a simpler division between ‘elite’ and ‘non-elite’, and/or avoided the issue by focusing on the dynamics of social relations rather than the nature of social groups. This paper argues for the continuing usefulness of the Weberian idea of status, as a complement to the Marxian idea of class, but with a greater focus on the idea of performance, drawing on the sociology of Erving Goffman and Judith Butler. This emphasises the complexity of status; the way that its performance changes in different contexts, and depends both on the choices of the actor and the expectations of the audience, with judgements about the success of the performance always provisional and changing over time. It concludes with reflections on the ways in which status, understood as ideological power, could have functioned effectively within Roman society as a source of genuine authority.
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- THE ALA PANNONIORUM IN THE ARMY OF ILLYRICUM
- The province of Illyricum, established shortly after Octavian’s Illyrian war and divided into Illyricum Superius (Dalmatia) and Illyricum Inferius (Pannonia) during or after the Pannonian-Dalmatian Rebellion, was garrisoned by several legions and various auxiliary regiments. The list of auxilia includes an ala Pannoniorum. Epigraphic evidence from Dalmatia and Pannonia provides some information on its relocation, as well as on its recruitment. Under Augustus, the regiment was in Dalmatia. It was relocated to Pannonia ca. 15 AD. At the beginning of Vespasian’s reign, the ala Pannoniorum was transferred to Moesia Inferior. Its return to the Pannonian section of the Danubian limes is dated after the Marcommanic War of Marcus Aurelius. Belonging to the army of Pannonia Inferior, the unit was probably stationed in the fortress of Cusum. Epigraphic evidence allows us to glimpse certain patterns of its recruitment during the first sojourn in Illyricum. It appears that it was conscripted among the bellicose tribes of the Iberian Peninsula and the indigenous population of the southern Pannonia.