Istraživanja – Journal of Historical Researches
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Istraživanja – Journal of Historical Researches is dedicated to publishing the best academic ideas regarding all aspects of socio-political processes and events primarily in the region of Central and South East Europe, as well as the Eastern Mediterranean. However, the geographical focus is not strict since the studies of all phenomena and processes which occur elsewhere but are relevant for mentioned geographical area are welcomed. Since the University of Novi Sad is located in the part of the world where different civilizations, cultures, religions and peoples have met and intertwined for millennia, Istraživanja especially emphasizes the critical research of the impact and significance of these mutual interactions and entanglements. The Journal greatly values an interdisciplinary approach, which is why it publishes not only the papers that study “typical” political history, but also works which critically analyze social and cultural life in the past (material culture, political thought, literature, religion, etc.) and come from the fields of archaeology, anthropology, ethnology, art history and classical studies. However, Istraživanja - Journal of Historical Researches does not publish "rough" unanalyzed materials, field, questionnaires and interviews reports, pure linguistic analyses or any kind of contributions limited to bare reproduction of data and uncritical synthesis of previous scholarship.
ISSN: 0350-2112
eISSN: 2406-1131
UDC: 94(082)
COBISS.SR-ID: 17763584
doi: 10.19090/i
Published by: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Philosophy, Journal website
Pages
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- ФЕДОР ЛАБОШ И ЊЕГОВО ДЕЛО У ИСТОРИОГРАФИЈИ О РУСИНИМА У ЈУЖНОЈ УГАРСКОЈ
- The author critically examined the History of Ruthenians in Backa, Sirmium and Slavonia (1745-1918), wrote by Fedor Laboš. It had an important place in the historiography of the Ruthenians in the Southern Hungary, not only because it was the first history written by a Ruthenian author, which covered the history of Ruthenians from their arrival to this region until 1918, including a review of their past before settling in Backa, but also because of the fact that the author used very rich historical material, which was partially lost or inaccessible to the researchers.
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- ФОРСИРАНА ИЛИ АУТОНОМНА МОДЕРНИЗАЦИЈА?
- The paper examines a development of modernization theories, and their influence in the contemporary Ottoman study, imprecise terminology of the concepts ‘modernization’ and ‘Westernization (Europeanization)’, with special emphasis on the contemporary thesis of multiple modernity. The relationship between cultural transfer and interaction, material and spiritual, was specially observed in order to determine the relationship between the impact of modern societies on the traditional societies, through the model of imposed modernization and autonomous development, immanent to the historical experience of the society which was developed from a pre-modern to a modern society. Perceptions of alteration were analyzed, and there was an attempt to identify the symbolic signs of modernity, as Anthony Giddens pointed out, i.e. the features which were not typical for traditional societies, in order to specify the nature of the Ottoman modernity.
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- ХЕРОЈСКО ИМЕ АНТИЛОХ КАО ЛИЧНО ИМЕ КОД ХЕЛЕНА
- This paper concerns the Greek heroic name Antilochos and examines its distribution as a personal name in the ancient Greek world, from the Archaic to the Roman Imperial period. The popularity of the name Antilochos as a personal name among the Greeks derives from the fact that in Homer and in later Greek epic tradition the hero Antilochos has many distinctive features that were highly appreciated by the Greeks. As a beloved son of Nestor, king of Pylos and the great hero of the Trojan Cycle, Antilochos is one of the bravest Achaean warriors who fought at Troy, and even lost his life trying to save his father. On the other hand, Antilochos, following the death of Patroklos, is also attested in tradition as a favorite and close companion of Achilles, the greatest hero of the Trojan War. At the funeral games that Achilles celebrated for Patroklos, Antilochos finished second in the chariot race “by his skill, not by the speed of his horses” (Il. XXIII 515), just as Nestor had advised him and also took part in the foot race. After Antilochos’ death, his shade, along with those of Achilles and Patroklos, was believed to have gone to the Black Sea island later known as Leuke (the White Island). These were all the reasons why the heroic name Antilochos could also be acceptable as a personal name and desirable in the choice of names given to children and was attested as such in all periods and in almost all parts of the Greek world.The personal name Antilochos could sound to the Greeks as a good Panhellenic name, but also as a name attractive particularly to the Athenians and the Ionians. The popularity of the name amongst the Ionians can be best explained with possible Neleid associations and connections, because the aristocratic elites in the Ionian cities mainly claimed Neleid ancestry (ostensibly descendents of Neleus, the son of Poseidon and the father of Nestor). The name Antilochos is thus attested as a personal name in Athens from an early date. Later and especially in the Classical period, it was widespread in various parts (demes) of Attica. It is also attested by the Ionians of Asia Minor in the several cities of the region, especially in inscriptions dating from the Late Hellenistic to the Imperial periods. The personal name Antilochos, on the other hand, is well attested as a personal name in Thessaly because of the hero Antilochos’ associations with Achilles, the Thessalian national hero. Although not a Thessalian, the hero Antilochos could also be considered a Thessalian through his Neleid ancestry. There are many occurrences of the personal name Antilochos from other parts of the Greek world, but numerous attestations from the island of Rhodes, mostly from the Hellenistic period, attract special attention. It is, however, not uncommon for the name Antilochos, as the other personal ‘Neleid’ names (Nestor, Thrasymedes, Peisistratos), to be attested in a large number on the very island of Rhodes, as a large economic and trading centre of the Hellenistic world which maintained intensive economic and political relations with many Greek cities in a wide area of the Mediterranean basin.
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- ХРОНОЛОГИЈА ЈЕДНОГ ПОХОДА ПАЛАТИНА ВИЉЕМА ДРУГЕТА
- The paper examines the chronology of the campaign of the Hungarian palatine William Druget in the Galicia - Volynia principality of 1340. Being the cousin and ally of the Polish king Casmir III the Great, Hungarian King Charles Robert of Anjou in order to obtain the aforementioned Russian lands after the death of their ruler Yuri II Boleslav, undertook this campaign as a military aid to the Polish ruler. In addition, the author of the paper tries to determine the length of the Hungarian war on Russian soil, and possible strength of the Hungarian royal army under the command of one representative of the family Druget. Drugets were in fact, in previous decades commanders of the army in campaigns against Serbia, Croatia, and Prussia. Based on the analysis of data from published itinerary court charters, as well as from the itinerary of the Palatine himself, author of the paper comes to the following conclusion. The operation of the Hungarian army in Ruthenia, which was led by William Druget, had most likely started after 1 May 1340 (date post quem, most probably between 1 and 8 May) and the Druget returned to Visegrad before 11 June (date ante quem). If we reject the necessary days needed for Hungarian troops and their chambers to go and to safely return through the Carpathian Mountains, one can cautiously assume that Druget in Galicia could have actively been at war for about ten days. Considering the territory in northeastern Hungary which Druget family had ruled over and experience of their warriors, as well as the sporadically preserved names of possible participants in this campaign, it can be concluded that the army sent „in Ruthenia“ had represented a significant military force.
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- ЦАРСКА ПОВЕЉА О ДОБИЈАЊУ МИТРОПОЛИТСКЕ СТОЛИЦЕ У ПРИЗРЕНУ
- In the social and spiritual life of Serbs in Turkey, the church had extremely great importance. National gathering of Serbs in the Ottoman Empire was possible only under the auspices of the church, so the church issue was one of the most important issues of the Serbian nation in Turkey. In addition to the spiritual, the Church at the time had a great educational importance. Namely, since the Turkish authorities recognized the right to open and run schools only to religious communities, the church was the center of spreading literacy among the Serbian nation in Old Serbia. Therefore the absence of the Serbian Church in Old Serbia and Macedonia caused major problems to the Serbian national activity in the Serbian lands under Turkish rule. Since the Church in Turkey had the landmark of ethnicity, in addition to religious and educational role, the struggle for the Serbian Metropolitan positions in Old Serbia had great political significance. Therefore, the appointment of Dionizije Petrović for Raška-Prizren Metropolitan represented a significant diplomatic success of Serbia. The arrival of Serbian Metropolitan at the head of Raska and Prizren diocese opened the possibility to strengthen the national and political activity in Old Serbia through the church institutions across. Serbian population across Old Serbia got an opportunity for more intensive actions in the church-educational and cultural level, while the Serbia itself got the powerful strongpoint for a successful implementation of the national policy in the European part of Turkey.
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- ЦРКВЕНО-НАРОДНИ САБОР И АРХИЈЕРЕЈСКИ СИНОД ИЗ 1749. ГОДИНЕ
- After the death of Metropolitan Isaije Antonović on 22 January 1749, the throne of Karlovci Metropolitanate remained vacant again, only after five months. Bishops immediately began to prepare the new Church-National Assembly, deciding to entrust the administration for the third time, at the time of sedysvacant, to the Bishop of Bačka, Visarion Pavlović. The Imperial Commissioner Baron General Christian von Helfrich, opened the Assembly on 23 July 1749, and two days later there was elected the new Bishop of Karlovci, Carlstadt Bishop Paul Nenadović. In addition to the election of Metropolitan, the Assembly passed a number of useful decisions for the Serbian people, for example, the Clerical fund was established, the monastic rules of the Metropolitan Vićentije Jovanović were strengthened, and the first Assembly organization was brought. As it was a custom, there were brought charges which reflected the situation of the Serbian nation within the Habsburg monarchy, testifying the violation of Privileges, which were confirmed by all the Habsburg rulers from Leopold I to Maria Theresa. Resolving the issue of debts, Episcopal consecration, the right to appoint the administrator, etc. it also found its place. In parallel to the Assembly, the Synod of Bishops was working as well, which brought important decisions for the spiritual life, but also decisions regarding the issue of reduction of episcopacies.
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- „CASTRUM REGIS BACHIENSIS“ ANNO 1328. ИЛИ ЈЕДАН ПРИЛОГ ПИТАЊУ СТАТУСА БАЧКЕ ТВРЂАВЕ
- In this paper the author attempted to give a contribution to the question of ownership over Bač fortress in the middle of the first half of the 14th century. Due to its strategic importance on the Danubian route and border, Bač was one of the most important fortifications in Southern Pannonia since the early Middle Ages. There is a well established view in historiography that Bač along with its fortress belonged to the Episcope of Bač, and thus to the archbishop of Kalocsa-Bač. Still, due to the lack of sources and the longevity of the period (12th - 16th cent.), the question of the status of Bač fortress is very complex. The author draws attention to the fact that according to a charter issued on April 21, 1328, that is its rescript of November 2, 1335, Hungarian ruler Charles Robert of Anjou (1301-1342) spoke of Bač as his fortress. The document in question is a donation which the ruler issued to the Duke of Transylvania Tamas Szechenyi in relation to two landholdings “Kethlugas” in Bač County. The first of the donated properties was - “the land of our (royal) Bač fortress” (unam terram castri nostri Bachiensis), while the other “(Keth)lugas” was a vacant property of a certain Peter, a professional participant in court duels, who died without (male) heirs. Tamas Szechenyi de facto acquired these two properties earlier, that is at the time when he was the county prefect of Bač (1318-1321), which can be connected to the assumption that Bač was even then a royal property. The status of a royal fortress Bač did not only hold in 1328, but probably in 1335, as well as between 1318 and 1321. That was the time during which the imposing Bač fortress was built by a French or some other western architectural model, commissioned by Charles Robert, as once stated by Imre Henszlmann. Since the second decade of the 14th century the District of Bač was governed by magnates and associates closest to the King, such as the future Transylvanian duke Tamas Szechenyi, royal magistrate of innkeepers Demeter Nekczei and palatine Jean Drugeth. It has not been excluded that during their mandate the building of new Bač fortress had been initiated. The royal status of Bač fortress in 1328 does not rule out the possibility that Bač and its fortress were simultaneously the residence of another King’s baron, his chancellor, the archbishop of Kalocsa.
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- „NAHRANILA ME ALEKSANDRIJA, K'O IZBEGLICU ZAKOPA ME RIM“
- The background of Claudian`s life was rich of Egyptian literary color, which was the Roman province during the fourth and the fifth century. A number of relevant historical sources indirectly referred to the life and education of Claudius Claudianus. His mother-tongue was Greek, but during his education in Alexandria Claudian also taught Latin. The paper listed the names of the great poets of the late Roman Empire, who crucially influenced Claudianus poetic style. The Greek and Roman literature in Egypt, and its cultural and educational centers, were not equally important and cultivated. Only after the Diocletian`s reforms of Roman literature, Latin was studied in details in Alexandria, Hermopolis, Aphroditopolis, Thebes and other centers. From that period, Roman poets and writers started to study Latin, especially the "silver Latin". This fact was confirmed by the latest archaeological findings of the papyrus, during the sixties of the twentieth century.
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- „НЕМАЧКА РЕПУБЛИКА ЈЕ НАЈДЕМОКРАТСКИЈА ДЕМОКРАТИЈА НА СВЕТУ“ – ПРИЛОГ ИСТОРИЈИ УСТАВНОГ УРЕЂЕЊА ВАЈМАРСКЕ РЕПУБЛИКЕ
- On the basis of the shorthand notes of the German National Assembly in Weimar, and historical literature, the paper analyzed historical conditions in which the Constitution of the first German Republic was brought. A special attention was paid to the ideological influences which guided the creators of the Constitution, primarily Hugo Preuss, to the basic constitutional provisions, as well as to the criticism of the liberal-democratic order established through the Constitution by the political right and left wings.
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- „РАТНИЧКЕ ДРУЖИНЕ“ СА ПРОСТОРА ЗЕТЕ И ОБЛАСТИ ЦРНОЈЕВИЋА У ИМОВИНСКО-ПРАВНИМ СПОРОВИМА ОКО ЗЕМЉИШТА (1445-1492) - ПАРАЛЕЛЕ СА СРЕДЊОВЕКОВНОМ СРБИЈОМ
- In the late Middle Ages (1445-1492) there were disputes over land ownership between warrior bands in the territory of Zeta and region of the Cmojević. The following cases were considered: the dispute over the boundaries between Mataguži and Hoti in 1445, the dispute over the boundaries between the Grudi and the Podgoričani, return of land to the Golubovići, determination of boundaries between the Kčeva and the Pješivci, Brežine and Stanisaljići, determination of boundaries of Orahove Ljuti, demarcation between the Bajice, Bjeloševići and Očinići. As in medieval Serbia they appear before the state representative or the local lord. Lesser officials such as 'kefalija' and 'pristav' played an important role, which was confirmed by several examples. Although the number of witnesses in medieval Serbia varied depending on the significance of a dispute and its duration (24, 12, 9, 8, 6 or 4), in the area in question there were 24 “landowners“ by rule.
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- „ЦИВИЛИЗАТОРСКА МИСИЈА“ АУСТРОУГАРСКЕ НА БАЛКАНУ
- In this article the conflict between Serbia and Austria-Hungary on the First World War’s eve is scrutinized within the context of the “Age of Empires”. The main ideological tool of the Austria Hungary’s colonial enterprize in the Balkan was its “civilizing mission” in the “semi-oriental”, “barbarian” Balkan lands. The leading intelectuals of Serbia, mainly educated in the West, which were gathering around the “Serbian Literary Herald” magazine, were perfectly aware of these circumstances. Their articles in the “Herald” and other magazines and journals demonstrated different strategies of resistance to the colonial pressure of the neighbouring Empire. One of those strategies was the avoidance of cultural colonization through the westernization of Serbian culture, but according to French and British, and not the German or Austro-Hungarian patterns.