Istraživanja – Journal of Historical Researches
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Istraživanja – Journal of Historical Researches is dedicated to publishing the best academic ideas regarding all aspects of socio-political processes and events primarily in the region of Central and South East Europe, as well as the Eastern Mediterranean. However, the geographical focus is not strict since the studies of all phenomena and processes which occur elsewhere but are relevant for mentioned geographical area are welcomed. Since the University of Novi Sad is located in the part of the world where different civilizations, cultures, religions and peoples have met and intertwined for millennia, Istraživanja especially emphasizes the critical research of the impact and significance of these mutual interactions and entanglements. The Journal greatly values an interdisciplinary approach, which is why it publishes not only the papers that study “typical” political history, but also works which critically analyze social and cultural life in the past (material culture, political thought, literature, religion, etc.) and come from the fields of archaeology, anthropology, ethnology, art history and classical studies. However, Istraživanja - Journal of Historical Researches does not publish "rough" unanalyzed materials, field, questionnaires and interviews reports, pure linguistic analyses or any kind of contributions limited to bare reproduction of data and uncritical synthesis of previous scholarship.
ISSN: 0350-2112
eISSN: 2406-1131
UDC: 94(082)
COBISS.SR-ID: 17763584
doi: 10.19090/i
Published by: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Philosophy, Journal website
Pages
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- VIOLENCE AS THE WEAPON OF POLITICAL PARTIES. THE OPERATION OF ORJUNA AND SRNAO IN VOJVODINA (1922 – 1924)
- This paper deals with the ideology, terror and operations of the ORJUNA (Organization of Yugoslav Nationalists) and the SRNAO (Serbian National Youth) in Vojvodina. These organizations had an important and determining role in the political life of the Kingdom of SHS (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes).The foundation and operation of the ORUJNA and the SRNAO had a great impact on political and everyday life in Vojvodina and determined the lives of minorities (Hungarians, Germans and Jews) living in this new South Slavic state. In spite of the fact that influential movements greatly influenced the internal affairs of the Kingdom of SHS in the first decade of its existence (1918-1929), the literature on the ORJUNA and the SRNAO is incomplete to this day.Therefore, in addition to the relevant literature, this paper introduces and analyses the activity of the ORJUNA and the SRNAO concerning the minorities in Vojvodina by focusing on the period between the two elections from 18 March 1923 to 8 January 1925 using sources such as the liberal Bácsmegyei Napló in Subotica, the Hungarian Party’s Hírlap, the 1922-1925 issue of Torontál in Zrenjanin and the Catholic Délbácska in Novi Sad.The unfamiliarity, lack of analysis and importance of this topic require further research in the relevant archives.
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- WESTERN PERCEPTION OF YUGOSLAVIA DURING 1980
- In the late 1970s and early 1980s a new significant wave of cooling in the relations between NATO and the Warsaw Pact dominated various aspects of world politics. In this situation, Yugoslavia was at the centre of an intricate system of relations between the two blocs, especially with projections regarding the future of the country immediately before and after the death of Josip Broz Tito, who as a person then literally symbolized Yugoslavia on the world political scene. With the aftermath of the Iranian Revolution and the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan, the perception of a potential crisis in Yugoslavia absolutely dominated the world media during the first half of 1980. In the months before Tito’s death and during the first year after his funeral, the Western media were very active in trying to predict the fate of the Yugoslav federation and some of the predictions were very pessimistic, especially in the context of expectations of a potential Soviet invasion targeted towards Yugoslavia. In general, the character of Western media analysis of Yugoslav reality underwent a significant evolution in the short term and the viewpoint on the Yugoslav state changed quite rapidly, primarily in the negative context. In this regard, the examples of American, British and West German analytical approaches were particularly illustrative. As it is precisely within these three perceptions that change has been the greatest and most illustrative, it is the intention of this paper to concentrate only on aspects of those three perspectives.
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- ΡΩΜΑΙΚΗ ΑΡΧΑΙΟΛΟΓΙΑ ΔΙΟΝYΣΙΟY AΛΙΚΑΡΝΑΣΕΩΣ КАО ИСТОРИЈСКИ ИЗВОР ДАНАС
- Dionysius of Halicarnassus lived in Rome as a Greek teacher of Rhetoric, where he studied the Roman history. His historic work "Roman Antiquities" was of rhetorical nature. The paper was not completely since it relied on the Roman analysts, but it represented a very valuable source of the early period of Roman history, which explored the origins and migrations of the first tribes who inhabited the Apennine peninsula.
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- ЈЕДНА ОСМАНСКA НАРЕДБA О ВОЈНОМ УНИШТЕЊУ СРБИЈЕ ИЗ 1807. ГОДИНЕ
- During the war against the rebellious Serbian state, the Ottoman Empire tried to resolve the issue of Serbia in various ways, including diplomatic efforts, and the use of force. One of the letters, written on 13 July 1807, in the office of either Grand Vizier or another high-ranking official of Porta who had the vizier rank, indicated how the Ottoman authorities acted that year in order to conquer Serbia. The letter was critically arranged, along with the Serbian translation and transcription to the contemporary Turkish spelling. This resource contained information about an unsuccessful mediating mission of a Metropolitan of the Ecumenical Patriarchate, as well as on the decision to stop the uprising by force. Comparing it with other sources, it could be concluded that the Metropolitan was the Bishop of Ćustendil. As anticipated military measures were concerned, they were very cruel: enslavement of all vassals who abandoned him, looting and destroying their property. However, this proclamation could not be realized because in 1806 and 1807, Serbian uprising army won a series of victories over the Ottoman army. Then, Porta again turned to diplomatic means, but in 1813, the military solution was fully in accordance with the proclamations from this letter.
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- ЈЕДНА ЦАРСКА БИОГРАФИЈА ПОСВЕЋЕНА КОНСТАНТИНУ ВЕЛИКОМ
- From the description that this historical source offers it can be concluded that Antoninus Elagabalus was unwilling to accept the tasks and duties of a Roman emperor. His oriental origin is the key for understanding many of his unsuccessful attempts to totalitarian and absolutism, with one man as the ruler and “a god”. He tried to remove unnecessary government body such as the Senate. He wanted to be connected with the people directly, rather than through the institution of the Senate. But with the fall of the Senate, the elite of the Empire would fall too, and that would lead to the collapse of the aristocracy. Rome of 222 was not ready for a Dominate, and this would only happen some sixty years later with Diocletian's rise to power, when everyone would understand that the era of the Senate and restoration of the Republic was long gone. Therefore, this hedonistic biography is a good example of how not to rule an empire and a great example of the hypocrisy of the Roman Empire.
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- ЈЕДНО ПИСМО ИЗ БАЈЕ 1850. ГОДИНЕ
- In 1850 Baja was one of the centres of the Duchy of Serbia and Timisoara Banat. At the time, Serbian people still presented a vast majority there. In a letter which is the subject of this paper, a Serbian student of medicine from Baja, Pavle Ivanović, as one of the most important news mentions a riot started by Hungarian inhabitants of Baja and its vicinity, who came to town in order to complain before the governor of the Duchy, general Ferdinand Mayerhofer, who found himself there while visiting the Kingdom’s towns in March 1850. In Baja he met with the vice-prefect Isidor Nikolić, and they both took a rather negative attitude towards Hungarian petitions and requests saying that they were in Baja, which was a part of the Duchy of Serbia and Timisoara Banat, and therefore they primarily advocated Serbian interests.
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- ЈОХАН ХАЈНРИХ ШВИКЕР И ЊЕГОВ ДРУШТВЕНИ АНГАНЖМАН У ВЕЛИКОМ БЕЧКЕРЕКУ
- Renowned scholar, pedagog and historian Johann Heinrich Schwicker is a widely recognized figure in Serbian historiography, mostly due to his work Political History of Serbs in Southern Hungary. From 1857 till 1869 he resided in Veliki Bečkerek, where his participation in the city’s social life can be traced thanks to the local weekly newspaper Gross-Becskereker Wochenblatt. While working as a teacher in the local Grammar School, Schwicker also acted as a secretary of Veliki Bečkerek’s Chamber of Merchants, member of Veliki Bečkerek Steamship company and Chairman of the Catholic Church Congregation. Here he published his first major historical work – History of Banat of Tamiš, initiated the establishment of a secondary modern school and launched the pedagogical review. In 1869 Schwicker moved to Buda, where he occupied numerous educational positions, until his death in 1902.
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- АБУ ХАМИД У УГАРСКОЈ
- The article deals with three years of Arab traveler’s, Abū Hāmid al-Ġarnāţī’s, life in Hungary. This famous Arab traveler had spent three years between 1150 and 1153 living in medieval kingdom of Hungary. His most important information is on Muslims who lived in Hungary, especially around Pest and for us the most interesting data is that they had lived in Srem. He provides pieces of information on their origin, life, religious deeds, etc. Abū Hāmid is also valuable source on Hungaro-Byzantine relations and war in 1150’s. He gives very specific perceptions on life in Hungary, being an awkward, but nevertheless attention-grabbing source for economic history and everyday life in medieval Hungary.
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- АВКСЕНТИЈЕ III ПЕТРОВ ЧЕШМЕЏИЈЕВ, ХЕРЦЕГОВАЧКИ МИТРОПОЛИТ
- This work presents the biography of Metropolitan Avksentije III Petrov Češmedžijev, a monastic bishop of Bulgarian origin who from 1838 to 1848 headed the Orthodox Metropolitanate of Herzegovina. Emphasis is laid on the gap in the existing Serbian (as opposed to Bulgarian-language) historical literature regarding his biography. Using primary and narrative sources and available literature, the work details his education and ordination as monk and bishop, as well as his life before arriving in Herzegovina. Of particular importance is the complex question of his administration of the Metropolitanate of Herzegovina, especially his dealings with members of his flock, and the reasons for his removal from office. Details are given of his later actions in the Metropolitanate of Veles and Ćustendilska, his disobedience towards the Patriarch of Constantinople, and his participation in the Velikdenski Action of 1860. The work concludes with an examination of his confinement and return to Constantinople, as well as his significant role in the movement for an autonomous Bulgarian exarchate.
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- АДМИНИСТРИРАЊЕ КАРЛОВАЧКОМ МИТРОПОЛИЈОМ ЕПИСКОПА МОЈСИЈА ПУТНИКА
- The Metropolitanate of Karlowitz as a Serbian ecclesiastical organisation within the Habsburg Monarchy played an important role in the history of Serbs. From 1708 to 1913 there was a succession of nineteen metropolitans as its head. In the time between the death of one and the election of a new metropolitan, the so-called sede vacante, the church was ruled by one of the episcopes as its administrator. Mojsije Putnik, first the episcope of Bačka, and then of Timisoara, held this position three times (1768-1769, 1773-1774 and 1780-1781), though he was replaced during his first mandate. His work as an administrator was solely within what the law (First Illyrian Regulament and Declaratorium) proscribed, while only in the financial matters he strived to acquire significant assets, but without success. Successful church management, without confronting the Court, resulted in his becoming a desirable candidate for the metropolitan, both in the eyes of the people and the Court, in the Synod of 1781. This secured him the position of the hierarch of the Serbian church in the Habsburg Monarchy, which he held until his death in 1790.