Istraživanja – Journal of Historical Researches
Primary tabs
Istraživanja – Journal of Historical Researches is dedicated to publishing the best academic ideas regarding all aspects of socio-political processes and events primarily in the region of Central and South East Europe, as well as the Eastern Mediterranean. However, the geographical focus is not strict since the studies of all phenomena and processes which occur elsewhere but are relevant for mentioned geographical area are welcomed. Since the University of Novi Sad is located in the part of the world where different civilizations, cultures, religions and peoples have met and intertwined for millennia, Istraživanja especially emphasizes the critical research of the impact and significance of these mutual interactions and entanglements. The Journal greatly values an interdisciplinary approach, which is why it publishes not only the papers that study “typical” political history, but also works which critically analyze social and cultural life in the past (material culture, political thought, literature, religion, etc.) and come from the fields of archaeology, anthropology, ethnology, art history and classical studies. However, Istraživanja - Journal of Historical Researches does not publish "rough" unanalyzed materials, field, questionnaires and interviews reports, pure linguistic analyses or any kind of contributions limited to bare reproduction of data and uncritical synthesis of previous scholarship.
ISSN: 0350-2112
eISSN: 2406-1131
UDC: 94(082)
COBISS.SR-ID: 17763584
doi: 10.19090/i
Published by: University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Philosophy, Journal website
Pages
-
- МИЛЕТИЋЕВЦИ НА ПУТУ ФОРМИРАЊА СТРАНКЕ 1860–1869
- The supporters and followers of the Miletić’s ideology sought to strengthen the preconditions for achieving national and democratic goals of the Serbian people in the Habsburg Monarchy within different youth, cultural-educational and national-political associations, institutions and organizations in the nine-year period of renewed political life (1860 - 1869). Versatile recognizing the achievements of European liberal movements, the Miletić’s followers managed to define the Serbian national politics in a progressive, liberal-democratic way, after the abolition of the absolutist regime, thus increasing the chances of a comprehensive social and spiritual rebirth of the people whom they represented. Fighting against the ruling doctrine of political inequality of citizens and nations in the broader area of Hungary, they failed to provide support and alliance of Hungarian and Croatian liberals, while their confrontation with the conservative-clerical representatives of the ecclesiastical hierarchy was intensified in the field of Serbian religious and educational autonomy. Nevertheless, they progressively influenced all the spheres of social life of Prečani Serbs, contributed to the establishment and activities of the United Serbian Youth, and finally, established a political party which goal was to represent the interests of all Serbs in Austria-Hungary.
-
- МИТРОВАЧКА ГИМНАЗИЈА ИЗМЕЂУ ДВА СВЕТСКА РАТА
- The Gymnasium of Mitrovica is the most significant educational institution in its city. It formed gradually during the 19th century, experiencing its apex immediately after World War I when the city became part of the newly formed Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (Yugoslavia). The increasing number of students and classes called for a suitable building. The construction of the building at the start of the 1930s played a significant role in the urbanisation of the city. Instructors from today’s Serbia and Croatia contributed greatly to the quality and renown of the school.
-
- МУДРАЦ БИЈАНТ ИЗ ПРИЈЕНЕ
- This paper examines the tradition about Bias of Priene, one of the Seven Wise Men of Greece about whom many stories were told, his background and the meaning of his name. In the absence of reliable historical sources, testimonia mostly come from a variety of disparate sources compiled in Hellenistic times or later and we may only suppose that local anecdotes, proverbs and short sayings reflect historical events. The paper provides detailed treatment of the several conflicting traditions about Bias of Priene. Nevertheless, the surviving biographical information about Bias point to the period of the reign of King Croesus and the Persian conquest of Asia Minor (ca. 560–540 BC), as the best time of his political activity. For this reason he might be designated as the sixth-century philosopher and statesman who was a generation younger than most others from among the Seven Sages (e.g. Solon of Athens, Thales of Miletus, Pittacus of Mytilene, Periander of Corinth). In the second part of the paper the possible meaning of the name Bias has been examined. This name as a personal name was almost certainly taken from the heroic repertoire of Greek names with an intention of connecting Bias’s family, who obviously belonged to the aristocracy of Priene, with the world of heroes, and through them, with the world of gods. The most famous mythical bearer of the name Bias was the hero Bias, the son of Amythaon and the brother of the legendary seer and healer Melampus. This Bias married Pero, the daughter of Neleus, the founder of Pylos in Messenia, and he had with her glorious offspring, before he settled in Argos. The choice of that heroic name as a personal name in the family of the wise Prienian might not be by chance, and it can be best explained with possible Neleid and Messenian connections generally existing among the local aristocracy in the Ionian poleis of the Archaic period. These connections were quite expected because the Neleids were ubiquitous in foundation myths throughout the Ionian East. Moreover, Messenian associations about Bias of Priene were preserved in the strange story on the Messenian maidens (Diog. Laert. I 82), obviously not well understood by later tradition. This story could allude to an alleged Neleid and Messenian background of the Bias’s family. The existence of the Bias River in Messenia also indicates that the personal name Bias could have been perceived by the Greeks as a good Messenian and Neleid name.
-
- НАПОМЕНЕ О КУЛТУ ЈУПИТЕРА ДОЛИХЕНА НА ЦЕНТРАЛНОМ БАЛКАНУ
- The paper draw attention to new interpretational frameworks for the spread of the cult of Jupiter Dolichenus which emphasize the role of social networks and connectivity as main reasons for adoption and popularity of the deity, especially among the officers of the Roman army. Using this standpoint the paper has focused on the area of the central Balkans and problematized the questions of increased popularity of the cult in period of the Severi, the appearance of the cult inside mining districts, and the find from Brza Palanka. It has been argued that Septimus Severus has acquainted with the cult aiming to strengthen the connection with the network of the officers of the Danube–Rhine provinces, which has affected the status of the cult in years to come, and additionally increased its popularity among the military and administrative circles. The link between the emperor/dynasty and the cult could have inspired tendencies towards enhanced public communication of the membership to privileged socio–religious network of Dolichenus adherents, which could explain why the majority of dedications in the central Balkans appeared in the period of the Severan dynasty. Similarly, the presence of the cult inside mining districts are not to be explained by intrinsic connection of Dolichenus’ doctrine with mining and ore, but by the role that army and imperial bureaucracy, which were the social categories most inclined to the cult, played in the system of ore exploitation. Finally, the find from Brza Palanka (Egeta), interpreted as small chapel that served for the keeping of cult’s items, is speculated here to be a place where the surviving objects from the temple (located somewhere else in the area of ancient Egeta) were stored after the violent actions against the cult that took place during the reign of Maximinus Thrax.
-
- НАСТАВА И УЏБЕНИЦИ ИСТОРИЈЕ У ОСНОВНИМ ШКОЛАМА У СРБИЈИ (1880–1913)
- The process of reforms of the education system in Serbia was conducted in the framework of the modernization of its society. New period in the history of education in Serbia begins in year 1880. Intensely is working on the legal regulation of Serbian education, it is introducing the obligation of school attendance, the curriculum is prescribed, books are written according to them and very lively discussion are lead in pedagogic public. Within the Ministry of Education in 1880 the General Education Council is established whose main task was to give an opinion to the Minister on all important matters of education policy according to the "state idea and modern science." That year for the third time Stojan Novakovic was appointed for Minister of Education, he was one of the most important knowledgeable men of his age, the founder of modern Serbian historiography and initiator of changes in the Serbian education. A new law on primary schools was adopted in 1882. That year the issue of textbooks is regulated by adopting of the rules or basics of printing of school books. In them, is prescribed that schools can only use textbooks proposed by the General Education Council and approved by the Ministry of Education. The publishing of a series of history textbooks for primary schools began. Since the eighties, elementary schools in Serbia, as well as the entire education system, received their relatively stable physiognomy. Special role in the formation of socially responsible young generation is given to teaching of history. Therefore at the end of the 19th and early 20th century a concept of national schools was introduced into the school system (1898 and 1904) whose mission is "to educate children in the spirit of the nation and to prepare them for civilian life, and especially to spread education and Serbian literacy to the Serbian people. Among a series of history textbooks for primary schools that have been methodically increasingly successful, the texbooks of Mihajlo Jović are certainly representative for the national-ideological, as well as for educational and didactic analysis of history textbooks for primary schools in Serbia.
-
- НАСТАВАК ФРАКЦИЈСКОГ СУКОБА МЕЂУ ВОЈВОЂАНСКИМ КОМУНИСТИМА 1965−1966. ГОДИНЕ
- After two-year kind of "truce", the factional conflict among the Vojvodina Communists was renewed in 1965, which characterized the political life of Vojvodina from 1961 to 1962. The reason for the renewal of the dispute, which causes laid in the issue of Vojvodina autonomy, was the appeal of two prominent Vojvodina leaders and revolutionaries to Aleksandar Ranković, due to their own marginalization. The Commission formed by the Republic party leadership did not give the appellants the right, but it presented a number of criticisms for the Regional Committee and its work methods. The echo of disputes within Vojvodina, i.e. between the Vojvodina and the Serbian party leadership, was felt until the Brioni Plenum in 1966.
-
- О ИВАНУ ВИТЕЗУ ОД СРЕДНЕ У ДЕЛУ RERUM UNGARICARUM DECADES
- The paper follows the narration of Antonio Bonfinius, in the opus Rerum Ungaricarum Decades, Decas IV, on Ivan the Knight of Sredna. The paper is chronologically precisely bounded from the day of coronation of Matthias Corvinus to the day of death of Ivan the Knight of Sredna. News about the Ostrogon Archbishop and a rational humanist are found in the first three books of the aforementioned opus. The first book provides information on the addressing of the King Matthias to Ivan the Knight after the coronation, then on his designation on the position of the Ostrogon archbishop. There were also recorded his activities in relation to the uprising in Transylvania and Moldova, and emphasized his importance as an erudite notary. The second book testifies that in 1468, Ivan was in the Matthew’s escort, during the war with the Czechs. The third e book of the opus Rerum Ungaricarum Decades, Decas IV explains in details the conspiracy against the King Matthias, headed by the Ostrogon Archbishop and his nephew. There were listed reasons that led Ivan the Knight of Sredna to join the conspirators, following the course of the conspiracy, his reconciliation with the Hungarian king, and his death. The separate paragraph enumerated the merits of the Knight, which he did in the field of culture for the medieval Hungary.
-
- О ПИТАЊИМА ЛАТИНСКИХ КРАТИЦА НА ДИПЛОМАТИЧКИМ ПОВЕЉАМА
- The issues of Latin abbreviations in the diplomatic documents are a very complex problem in the diplomatic word processing and deciphering the historiography documents. Abbreviations originated from Latin letters caused a favorable advantage for the scribe, but created difficulties for the reader, since they were complicated and questionable at the time. The Romans called the Latin abbreviations notae-or-sigla, using them just to save space and materials on which the letters were written. Increased use of abbreviations in medieval manuscripts emphasized a need for a manual in both the Code and Charter, specifying the form of abbreviations and centuries which they belonged to. Steffens divided the abbreviations of the Roman epoch according to the chronological development into the five ways of shortening: suspension, notes Tironianae, contraction, notes iuris, and signs for numbers, which were retained and added new shortcuts in the Middle Ages, especially in the territory of today's Pannonia and the Eastern Adriatic coast. Punctuation, which was alike the abbreviations, had a long process of development, which began as an antique-scriptura continua, trying to clarify the meaning of putting points in various positions between the individual words. Abbreviations differed not only by the type of Latin letters, but also by the territory in which they evolved, at different time periods. Abbreviations of Latin letters from the Beneventan East Adriatic coast were specific, were formed gradually, could be used as a criterion for dating, and were carried out with more ways of shortening the letters. Schiaparelli probably entered the deepest essence of the development of Latin minuscule in which he noted that the Frankish influences were much stronger in the first period of the development of the Beneventan East Adriatic coast. However, perhaps no other medieval script was developed better than a system of abbreviations in the Gothic style, especially in the legal, philosophical, medical and theological writings in Pannonia. Almost every office in which medieval public and private documents were written had its own system of abbreviations, which additionally complicated deciphering of complex abbreviations which had different impacts in the territory of Pannonia and the Eastern Adriatic coast.
-
- О УПОТРЕБИ ЖИВОТИЊСКИХ КОСТИЈУ И РОГОВА У СРЕДЊЕМ ВЕКУ (9 – 13. век)
- The processing and production of the bone and antler objects could be traced deep into the past. The most beautiful specimens were known as the objects of Paleolithic art, but the tools were also made of these materials. The peak in bone and antler processing was reached during Roman period. During the Middle Ages, mostly utilitarian items were produced especially in the period from the ninth to the thirteenth century.From the chemistry view, the bones were composed of organic and inorganic substances. The bones had tenacity thanks to minerals, but the organic substances gave them flexibility. The most important organic and inorganic components of the bone tissue weree not chemically bounded, so it was possible to make changes in their ratio by physical or chemical acting. The data about technology and processing of the bone and antler objects that referred to the craft in this period could not be found in the written sources. Reconstruction of the processing could be made on the basis of ethnological data and partly modern industry.The bone and antler objects are usually classified in two main groups: tools, essentials in everyday life, and decorative objects made by more skillful craftsmen. The further classifying is done on the basis of their shape and function. It is possible to mark off the items: tools, decorative and toilette requisites, game objects, musical instruments and the parts of the horse equipment. This is the most usual classification of the bone and antler objects in literature. Majority of bone and antler objects, modest for processing but with emphasized functionality, were used during everyday jobs such as skin processing, footwear and clothing making, sewing, fisherman nets making, pottery vessels decorating etc. All the necessary items were made in this way in a settlement. Their functionality, simplicity in making and readily available materials were the reflection of that processing. The found bone and antler objects indicated that, in addition to agriculture husbandry and hunting, they had very important place in the medieval economy in the territory of Serbia in the period from the ninth and the thirteenth century. Dealing with the husbandry and hunting made good material basis for the production of bone and antler objects.
-
- ОБЛИКОВАЊЕ НОВОГ КОНЦЕПТА НАСТАВЕ ИСТОРИЈЕ У ОСНОВНИМ ШКОЛАМА У СРБИЈИ (1948-1952)
- The highest representatives of the authorities in Yugoslavia and Serbia after the World War II were dissatisfied with the elementary school teaching, including the history teaching. Therefore, there were attempts to thoroughly align elementary education with the proclaimed goals of the social development. Taking into consideration the importance given to the history teaching, it was evident that it got a major role in the creation of a new historical awareness in accordance with the new ideological model and the national politics. Concerning the expert issues, the main problems were in designing of curricula, where there were demonstrated differences among the republics in the methodical approach to the history teaching in elementary schools. In January 1948, Committee for Schools and Science within the FNRY Government organized a conference on elementary school teaching, in Belgrade. Curricula for elementary schools, including the history teaching, were among the main topics of the conference. Within the history teaching, there were differences in the arrangement of lessons (progressive chronological or concentric circles), the scope and nature of historical teaching material, and some other issues. Dissatisfaction with the history teaching in elementary schools, primarily with its "conceptuality", was presented at the Fifth Congress of the Communist Party of Yugoslavia in July 1948. However, by 1952 the concept of the history teaching was fully established in the curricula, both in its content and the methodological-didactic sense. The same year, there were published the first elementary-school history textbooks, which provided a complete and relatively consistent view of history, especially the most recent one. There was established a concept according to which the focus of the history was on the present, which was a guideline for the future, while the most recent past was used mainly as a negative example.
-
- ОДБРАНА ОД ОПТУЖБЕ ЗА УКИДАЊЕ ДЕМОКРАТИЈE – ЛИСИЈИН ПОЛИТИЧКИ ПАМФЛЕТ ПРОТИВ КОЛЕКТИВНЕ КРИВИЦЕ
- The author of the paper analyzes Lysias’s speech 25 of the Corpus Lysiacum. The speech is understood as Lysias’s political pamphlet in which he, as the writer of the speech for the procedure of dokimasia, expresses his protest against the collective guilt, pointing out deficiencies and abuses of democratic institutions. The paper is supported by the author’s translation of Lysias’s 25 which is the first translation from Greek into Serbian.
-
- ОДНОСИ ЈУГОСЛАВИЈЕ И СОВЈЕТСКОГ САВЕЗА 1968
- The Soviet-Yugoslav relations oscillated in the postwar period from the divergence and conflict to the cooperation and understanding, and the researchers identified three major crisis between Moscow and Belgrade. The first escalation of hostilities took place in the turning 1948, after the IB Resolution, which resulted in the complete disruption of relations between the two countries. The cause of the second crisis was the draft of the LCY (SKJ), which was prepared for adoption at the VII Congress in 1958, and which was assessed in the Soviet Union as revisionist, anti-Marxist, demanding to withdraw from it. Finally, the third serious antagonism of Yugoslav-Soviet relations was initiated by the aggression against Czechoslovakia, which was performed by the USSR and its East European satellites, as well as by the sharp Yugoslav reaction to the act of breaching the international law and military trampling of a sovereign state.