Prilozi za knjizevnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor

: The life and forgotten poetry collections of Danica-Zorka Rašković; The paper discusses a little-known Serbian poetess from the second half of the 19th century, Danica-Zorka Rašković (1849-1910). Based on archival research and a lot of new information, it also features her compiled biography. All her poetical works which she wrote between ages 17 and 19 are presented in the text. They include: Eulogy (Slavopoj, two collections, 1866, 1867), Euphony (Milosplet, 1868) and Elegy (Tugospev, 1868). The last book, Elegy, composed as an integral work, is an attempt at writing an epic. Eulogy celebrates the 50th anniversary of the Principality of Serbia (1815-1865), glorifies the Obrenović dynasty, especially Prince Mihailo, Anka Obrenović and other persons. Literary criticism judged the seventeen-year-old poetess’ work too harshly (S. Novaković, V. Jagić). However, her appearance on the 1870s Serbian literary scene is interesting, because she is one of the oldest Belgrade poetesses.

: The literary work of Theodosios of Hilandar; The period in which Theodosios lived and worked has been one of the more controversial issues raised in the academic circles about this medieval author. Scientific opinions varied considerably on this matter, though in recent years a prevailing theory has been that Theodosios was an author whose literary work can almost certainly be placed in the first couple of decades of the XIV century. This paper re-examines Theodosios' chronology. The manuscripts of Theodosios' works were analyzed first, in order to identify the oldest ones and thus determine the upper time-line of his work. It was concluded that manuscript tradition, from the early decades until mid-XIV century, contained five works of Theodosios, which definitely moves the time they were written in deeper in the past. In our further research we concentrated on the works themselves and their content. A detailed analysis of some works, particularly the Life of St. Sava, resulted in identifying their historical context which, in turn, was significant for determining the time-frame of Theodosios' work. Some episodes from the works, especially the scene of the coronation of Stefan Prvovenčani ('the First-Crowned') and the episode with the Hungarian king, hint at certain level of Theodosios' animosity towards the Pope and Catholicism in general. This indicates the period of the Council of Lion (1274) when Byzantium accepted not only the supremacy of the Church of Rome, but also the Roman dogma. Theodosios' discontent, to put it mildly, with Catholic Church and Rome, which is more than evident in the Life of St Sava, could have been a direct reflection of these historical events. It is this anti-Union attitude inherent to Mt. Athos and Hilandar monasticism, to which Theodosios himself belonged, that might have been the reason for writing a new biography of the founder of an independent Serbian Church who was supposed to be the embodiment of all highest spiritual qualities and values of the Orthodox Church which were truly jeopardized at the time. For additional reasons that were elaborated in detail in the article, we opted for the period of king Dragutin's reign (1276-1281) as a logical chronological framework in which the writing of Theodosios' Life of St Sava could be placed. Theodosios may have written the hymnographic works dedicated to St. Sava and Simeon in subsequent years followed by the works dedicated to St Peter of Korisha. In Theodosios' own words, two human generations were separating him from the time when St Peter of Korisha lived. It seems that Theodosios' literary work, in most part belongs to the XIII century.

: The oration in praise of the Maccabees of Gregory Nazianzen according to a monk Jefrem ’s copy dated to 1351; Slavic Medieval manuscript tradition contains two main groups of Gregory Nazianzen’s orations collections. One group belongs to well-known Greek manuscript tradition. Another group differs from it. It is characteristic of the Slavic manuscripts. This paper deals with the collection of orations from the library of the monastery Decani bearing the signature 92. The manuscript dates to 1351. Its content reveals the affiliation with the Greek tradition which is elaborated in brief. The oration in praise of the Maccabees is analysed in details. It is compared with original text and the differences are noted. Some methodological elements connected with the translation techniques are noted as well. At the end this paper presents the Serbian Slavonic text of the oration.

: The poetic image in the poetry of renaissance, mannerism and baroque; The epochs of renaissance, mannerism and baroque in the art in general, and especially in poetry, can be recognized by their unique visions and impressions of earthly life. These impressions are reflected by the poetic image of beloved woman, metaphor of Beauty in visual arts and love poetry, and by figures of speech, suggestive impression and poetic comprehension. This is indicated by the stylistic relations between an artist and a work of art, a poet and poetic image, that is, by work of art (poetic image) and audience, readers (viewers).

: The prescriptions of Vuk Karadžić; Vuk Karadžić’s estate contains a collection of 136 prescriptions, which were prescribed to him in the 1810-1862 period due to his health problems. The paper limits the prescription analysis to dermatovenerology. As there is no extant diagnosis of Vuk’s illnesses, the interpretation of information at hand should be taken with a slight reserve. The problem is further complicated by a complex structure of the prescriptions, polypragmasia, empirical approach to treatment and insufficient pharmacological knowledge of the time. The medication predominantly consisted of herbal, but also of animal and chemical substances. Among all the prescriptions, 32 medicaments were for external use (skin application); 10 of the group were most probably used for treating changes on the skin. As we found no mention of a skin disease in Vuk, we think it most likely that the mentioned medicaments were used for the skin protection of the knee that relied on a stilt for over 50 years, or for treating the traumatic changes resulting from the same reason. Twenty-two medicaments were applied to the skin for rubefacient effect, which soothed the deeper, rheumatic and neurotic pains from which Vuk suffered all his active life. Special emphasis was laid on a group of 11 prescriptions, among which ten were for internal (peroral) use, and one for external use, which contained mercury and herbs, known as standard antisyphilitic therapy of the age. Based on Vuk’s ailments, medical condition of his family and administration of these medicaments, it is impossible that Vuk was syphilitic, although certain scholarly sources may voice unconfirmed rumours of that.

: The process of carnivalization in Milos Crnjanski’s Druga knjiga Seoba; The goal of this work is to use a genre-poetical and literary-historical base to analyze a possibility of establishing a specific sub-genre core in Druga knjiga Seoba, which is created through a multi-centuries tradition of menippean satire and the carnivalization of literature on the one hand, and modernism on the other. The result of examining the genre tradition, or rather carnivalization and menippea, and literary-historical context, or rather modernism in this novel should be to detect the differences between traditional carnivalization in medieval and renaissance literature and one in the modern literature and to notice the innovations within the carnival as a motive and thematic base

: The proem of the rhetoric textbook by Manuil Kozačinski; The paper presents unstudied source for the 18th century Serbs’ cultural history, written in Latin in 1735. It is the Proemium of the first Serbian rhetoric textbook by Manuil (Mihail) Kozačinski. The focus of this research is in the context of this unique manuscript testimony of the beginning of modern rhetoric teaching among the Serbs in the grammar school in Karlovci. The introduction of modern Western rhetoric was revolutionary step in the process of educational modernization of the Serbs in the Habsburg monarchy so that the first lines of Kozačinski’s introductory lesson underline the very fact of starting rhetoric teaching. This teaching was the central element of contemporary Western secondary education based on humanistic rediscovery of the value of the classical rhetoric. Kozačinski presented rhetoric in usual humanistic way, following Cicero’s and Quintilian’s views. On the other hand his words reflect the other side of rhetoric in early modern Western society: rhetoric was used as a mighty weapon in religious polemics in post-Reformation Europe. The Orthodox clergy in the Monarchy naturally saw the importance and potential of rhetoric education in preserving religious identity and considered it an imperative in the Church educational policy. The main reason why rhetoric became the basis of Serbian cultural transformation was not primarily the wish for educational development but the fear of the proselytism of the Catholic Church. Serbian clergy was not on the intellectual level necessary in such circumstances and above all it lacked the rhetorical knowledge and skill. Thus the emphasis of the opening words of Kozačinski’s rhetoric textbook is on its utilitas and consequently on the persuasio as its essence.

: The scribe of the Hilandar charter no. 139/141 and the Chrysobull of St Stephen palaeographic and philological analysis; Ever since it was discovered in the Topkapı Palace in Istanbul (1889), the Chrysobull of St Stephen has not ceased to attract researchers’ attention. It is one of the most representative Serbian medieval charters, and the first known example of a charter in the form of a book. The Chrysobull is a rich resource for linguistic, historical, cultural and ethnic studies of the Serbian medieval state in a wide area covered by the estates of the Banjska monastery. A palaeographic and philological analysis has shown that the same scribe who wrote out this stupendous monument of Serbian medieval law also wrote King Milutin’s founding charter granted to the tower of Hrusija on the sea coast, intended for the defence of the Hilandar monastery (Archbishop Nikodim’s note of confirmation was added by the same hand at the bottom of the scroll). Although rather extensive, this document is more than half as extensive as the Chrysobull of St Stephen. Taking this into account and keeping in mind the fact that it presents a lower degree of original content (the tower was granted a rather small estate in Serbia for its own needs, whereas the estate of the monastery to which it belonged was merely enlarged), this document is, on the whole, a less abundant source of information for research. Nevertheless, it additionally illuminates the activity of a very prominent scribe from the beginning of the golden period of Serbian medieval culture who tried himself in writing original documents and original manuscript copies for the king. The Chrysobull reveals his scribal diversity and contributes to a better understanding of the activities of the royal chancery. The document may be used as a reliable comparative material in linguistic research, as well as a control corpus to check the previous knowledge, but also to make new conclusions. The exceptional significance of the Chrysobull of St Stephen also increases the significance of this Hilandar scroll.

: The settling of the Petrus region; The Petrus region, extending around the upper stream of the Great Morava, the Grza and the Jovanovačka Reka, was not inhabited in Czar Dušan’s reign. The Czar’s charter indicates that it was a wasteland (pustoš), which Župan Vukosav and his sons Držman and Crep were bequeathed. The wasteland was soon populated through internal and external colonisation. As early as in 1360, the nobility of the Virgin of Petrus, a foundation of the Vukoslavić family, had five villages in their possession. The Vukoslavić family formed another metochion on their land which they donated to the Athonite monastery of Laura of St Athanasius. The censuses of these metochia give information on internal colonisation. A considerable amount of text was written on the ruralisation of the Vlachs as an aspect of internal and external colonisation.

: The shorter version of the apocryph the history of Aphroditian the Persian; This paper deals with the apocryph known as The History or The Narrative of Aphroditian the Persian. The topic of his narrative is the coming of the Magi from the East to Bethlehem in order to announce the birth of Christ. Their journey is marked by the miraculous guidance they receive from a star pointing their way. The motives of the journey of the Magi are contained in Chapter Two of the Gospel According to Matthew. The longer variant of the apocryph contains elements of the biblical basis to a considerable degree. In addition to this, it also contains polemical parts about faith originating from the court of the Persian King Arenat, featuring the participation of Christians, heretics and Jews. Aphroditian, as the High Priest and the King’s adviser, was entrusted with the task of deciding on the outcome of their debate. In doing so, he was partial to the Christian participants. A critical view of the apocryph on Aphroditian was expressed by Maximus the Greek in a separate text. This apocryph is known in Serbian copies in two variants, the longer and the shorter one. For the purpose of analysis within this paper, we have used two copies of the shorter version, dating from the 16th and the 17th century respectively; the first one is from the collection of the Archive of the Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts no. 428, whereas the other is from the Library of the Patriarchate in Belgrade, signature no. 343. In the addendum, we enclose the text of the apocryph.

: The terms designating diacritical Marks above leters and punctuation Marks in the Serbian manuscript Miscelany at the Austrian National Library in Viena (cod.Slav.93); The study presents the previously unknown list that contains terms designating diacritical marks above letters and punctuation marks, written out on fol. 111v of the Liturgical Miscellany (early 18th century, Vienna, Austrian National Library, Cod. slav. 93). The list offers the most comprehensive record of these marks in Serbian manuscript heritage. It may be assumed with great probability that the scribe of the Miscellany adopted these terms either from the Primer by Theophan Prokopovich, which was published on several occasions between 1724 and 1734, or another, earlier primer in the Russo-Slavonic language. This is indicated by the fact that this type of compendium contains almost identical lists of prosodic and punctuation marks.

: The unknown Mount Athos copy of the holy service to St. Simeon by St. Sava with the prologue life of St. Simeon; The Service to St. Simeon, written by St. Sava, has not been published yet and, despite the fact that there are only a few copies of it, its manuscript heritage has not been fully explored either. Menaion No. 11, written in the early 14th century and archived in the collection of the St. Panteleimon monastery on Mt Athos, has been selected for the purposes of this paper from several copies spanning the period from the mid-13th century to the 30s of the 17th century. This manuscript contains a very old copy of the St. Sava’s Service to St. Simeon that has been unknown to scholars to this day. The paper looks at the structure of the Service presented in the Menaion No. 11 and its place in the manuscript tradition. In terms of its structure - primarily the entire Service to Martinian and the separate canons - this work is one of the oldest versions. On the other hand, the text itself coincides with the version of the akolouthia which is considered a later-date and expanded version representing the veneration of the saint - regardless of the fact that it was preserved in the oldest manuscript dating back to the mid-13th century (SASA 361). All later-date monuments preserve the older state and the joint veneration of St. Martinian and St. Simeon. However, some ”expansions” identified in the copy of the Service from the second or third decade of the 14th century (only a few such ”expansions” are presented in the paper) indicate that this text is definitely older than the one written in the mid-13th century which was used for comparison. As the time span between all versions is not too big (at most 10 to 15 years), the microchronology of their orgin remains to be resolved. For the time being, we are quite convinced that the most widespread version (in the oldest manuscript) could not have been written before St. Sava’s second visit to Mount Athos (after 1217), and possibly before his return. What is particularly interesting about this copy is that it contains the Prologue Life of St. Simeon which does not exist in any other manuscript of the Service. For this reason, the Prologue is presented in its full form in the Appendix. [Project of the Serbian Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development, Grant no. 177025: Srpsko srednjovekovno društvo u pisanim izvorima]

Prilozi za knjizevnost, jezik, istoriju i folklor

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