Istorijski časopis
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Историјски часопис, званично гласило Историјског института, излази од 1948. године. Објављује оригиналне научне радове на српском и другим језицима. Примењује систем „слепих“ рецензија два рецензента. Тематски оквир часописа обухвата економску, друштвену, политичку и културну историју српског народа, као и његове везе са јужнословенским и осталим балканским народима, и истовремено унапређује све гране историјске науке. Хронолошки оквир је омеђен на период од средњег века до почетка 20. века, односно до 1918. године и стварања Краљевине СХС.
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CEEOL
ISSN: 0350-0802
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- Село и сељаштво у упитним листовима матице Српске из 1903
- This paper analyses the 1903 questionnaires about Popular Books edition issued by Matica Srpska, an interesting body of texts useful for studying the social history of the Serbian village and its population in early 20th century. It explains how they were made, to whom they were sent and how many answers were received. Some basic information has been given about the number and content of the questions, as well as the answers that are very important for the study of everyday life of rural populace. The answers have been compared, and similarities and differences in the contents of some reports pointed out, depending on their author and area concerned.
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- Семейно-политический конфликт в Сербии в последней трети XIX века по материалам русской дореволюцуинной периодики
- В статье рассматриваются основные моменты конфликта в семье королевской четы Обреновичей в последней трети XIX в. и их отражение в русской периодике. Особое внимание уделяется положению королевы Наталии, которая родилась в России и пользовалась благосклонностью русской общественности.
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- Сеоска насеља у Подунављу и Посавини Србије и јужне Угарске у 15. и првој трећини 16. века
- The Danube and Sava rivers formed the border between Serbia and Hungary until 1459, and, subsequently, between the Ottoman Empire and Hungary (1459-1526). As a result of the frequent wars and of the policy, pursued by both contesting states, of the colonization of proper territories and the depopulation of the enemy territories, the population in the frontier zone along both sides of the Danube and the Sava changed several times in the course of the latter half of the fifteenth century and the early decades of the sixteenth century. On the other hand, the geographical features of the Danube and Sava regions, consisting predominantly of flat, lowland or undulating terrain, the big rivers Danube and Sava and their numerous tributaries, as well as the network of important overland and river communications, offered favourable conditions for human life. The Serbian and Hungarian diplomatic records and the earliest Ottoman censuses make it possible for us to reconstruct the distribution of and the duration of habitation in the villages in the Danubian and Sava regions in Serbia (Macva, Kucevo, Branicevo) and in southern Hungary (Srem and southern Banat). The Ottoman censuses also provide information on the number of households in individual villages, which makes it possible to estimate the total number of inhabitants in a particular village or region. Thus it can be established that a number of villages in northern Serbia continued to exist after the Ottoman conquest in 1459 (68% of the villages in the Branicevo district). The density of population and the size of the villages varied from one area to another, and were determined, at least in the case of northern Serbia, by war operations rather than natural conditions. Generally speaking, small and medium-sized villages (6-20 and 20-40 households respectively) predominated. The area of Lucica was the only one in which as many as a fourth of the villages consisted of 40 to 60 households in 1476. The number of very small villages (1-5 households) varied, depending on the region, between 6.5% and 33%. There were only four villages with more than 100 households in the entire Serbian part of the Danubian region. In the Serbian stretch of the Sava region, the majority (65% - 75%, depending on the area) of the villages existing in 1528-1533 belonged to the category of small villages. The population density in the territory of southwestern Banat amounted to a mere 30% of the population density in Srem in the late Middle Ages. That was mainly due to the natural conditions, i.e. numerous marshes and a large expanse of sandy soil. Archaeological evidence shows that the inhabitants of the late mediaeval villages in the Serbian parts of the Danubian and Sava regions lived in partly sunken or above-ground dwellings made of wood or wattle and daub and covered with reeds.
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- Сеоска привреда у Смедеревском санџаку (1476 – 1560)
- The economy of Smederevo sancak in general reflected the economic and political circumstances in this part of Serbia in the second half of the 15th and first half of the 16th century. The records show that it was a region rich in natural resources with agriculture as the most important and productive branch of economy. Its characteristics, in addition to the population structure, geographic and climatic conditions, were determined by the Ottoman system of government. Almost all field crops that were grown in the medieval Serbian state were also grown in Smederevo sancak in the second half of the 15th and first half of the 16th century, such as: wheat as the most common crop, barley, rye, millet, oats, hemp, cabbage, lentils, melon, onion. Naturally, certain areas had their specific crops, as the nahiye of Niš where rice was cultivated. Grain production was the main agricultural activity. Its level of development stimulated the growth of some trades. Milling trade was one of the most developed trades witnessed by the existence of numerous mills on fast rivers and streams of Smederevo sancak. An important place among the trades belonged to blacksmiths, who in addition to agricultural tools produced arms. Livestock raising was also developed in Smederevo sancak. It relied on pastures that were abundant in Smederevo sancak. The natural resources of this region facilitated the development of poultry breeding, bee farming, pig breeding, fishing, etc. The rural economy of Smederevo sancak in the second half of the 15th and first half of the 16th century was autarkic and self-reliant, and generally met the needs of consumption. Only some products, such as grain or wine were produced in large quantities and were marketed.
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- Сеоско професионално занатство Кнежевине Србије (1834-1866)
- Professional rural handicrafts were present back in the period of the first rule of Prince MilošObrenović, although both villages with established handicraft production and craftsmen in them were low in numbers. In the course of the next three decades the total number of craftsmen increased, but crafts they were involved in remained almost the same in numbers. These were the Oriental crafts which were present in the urban environment as well, and that was the situation causing jealousy between urban and rural craftsmen. Notwithstanding that rural artisanship mostly met the needs of rural population and that the rural handicraft market was limited mostly to surrounding villages, their access to the respective nearby town markets resulted in the long standing effort, made by both urban craftsmen and their guilds, aimed at getting rural craftsmen incorporated into guilds or moved to towns. Rural craftsmen played a marginal role in economic life of Serbia, both in numbers and regarding their economic power measured by its share in the economic system of the country. In the economy of local communities, however, they were principal promoters of endeavors aimed at getting the status of towns granted to villages with more notable numbers of craftsmen, and therefore aimed at giving them a chance to develop faster. These endeavors were distinct until the middle of 19th century, when rural artisanship became fully professional, being already developed enough to make rural craftsmen able to support themselves almost entirely by handicraft production. In the course of thirty years or so (from 1834 to 1866) the structure of rural handicrafts remained unchanged – the majority of craftsmen were involved in the Oriental crafts, working in service industry without ancillary labor engaged, as they used to in the times of Prince Miloš. Total number of craftsmen, however, increased, and they gradually concentrated into little craftsmanship centers, set up mostly within municipality centers or inside settlements that had already been towns back in the times of full Ottoman rule in the Belgrade Pashalic.
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- Сербские сочинения П. А. Ровинского (первичное осмысление и перспективы исследования)
- Even a perfunctory view of Serbian texts of Pavel Apolonovich Rovinsky shows their powerful information and analytical potential. The reliability of the author’s conclusions is further amplified given the culture of his attitude towards his “craft”, i.e. his profession. Rovinsky’s clear understanding of the complexity of a defined task (making a comprehensive picture out of details in the context of a systematic approach and delineating a complete “physiognomy” of the Serbs) made him set before himself a number of strict scientific and ethical requirements. He considered compliance with these requirements a mandatory condition for resolving a specific task, this being – the representative nature of selected sources for making generalisations, objectivity and absence of personal ambition: “I tried to inspect everything that was possible, I did not want to miss any subject, no matter how far it was from my personal objectives and views”. Further on, in a form of a summary, he writes: “Resisting, as much as possible, any tendency […], I can bravely claim that I treated everything in an impartial way, trying to transpose every phenomenon with the greatest possible accuracy”.
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- Скитски разбојници у бугарској пустињи
- Bishop Lietbert of Cambrai, who went to the Holy Land in 1054, was one of the earliest western pilgrims who traversed Medieval Balkans. He followed the route already known to his contemporaries and compatriots - through Hungary and then along Via Militaris into the interior of the Peninsula. One of his companions was monk Raoul (Rоdulphus) of Saint-Sepulchre of Cambrai, who almost half a century later wrote report of the pilgrimage, preserved on the pages of Lietbert’s Vita. It is of primary importance as an eyewitness description of the district proverbially known as Bulgarian desert (modern Great Morava Valley). Radul of St. Sepulchre depicted it as a wooded wilderness, inhabited only by Scythian brigands (Pechenegs) who led nomadic way of life without permanent settlements and who were always on the move with their properties and families. In addition, he described their appearance, weapons and military skills, including their use of camels as riding animals. He also indirectly provided clues for understanding the presence of islamic religion among the Pechenegs, which have had only superficial influence upon the nomads and their traditional society. Moreover, in comparison with other written and archeological sources, his report enables us to outline the subsequent gradual process of sedentarization and integration of newcomers into local socio-political and military structures. Despite his apparent disinterest in local geography, the report is trustworthy source that casts much needed light on a nomadic society transplanted from the Lower Danube to the Balkan hinterlands; society that played an important role in local history, but has not left many traces of its existence.
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- Случај Урса Перклуза
- By establishing hitherto unnoticed links between a Serbian and a Latin document from the Dubrovnik archives it became possible to reconstruct the course of an international affair that took place from 1284 to 1294 and involved Serbia, Dubrovnik and Kotor. In 1284, one Urso Percluso, native of Trani in southern Italy but resident in Kotor, was granted letters by the Serbian king Stefan Uroš II Milutin, giving him the right to reprisals against the inhabitants of Dubrovnik who had taken frоm him an armed vessel. The reprisals, carefully planned by Milutin so as to minimize their disruptive effects on commercе between Serbia and Dubrovnik, were carried out quite fiercely by Tvrtko, lord of the župa of Popovo, prompting the Dubrovnik authorities to start negotiations. However, the affair dragged on and it seems that at some point, possibly in 1289, Milutin withdrew his support from Urso, who in 1294 finally made an agreement with Dubrovnik by which he renounced all further claims. Besides correcting earlier views that had linked the capture of Urso’s vessel to a supposed maritime war between Dubrovnik and Kotor in the late 1280s, this new reconstruction of the affair draws attention to the phenomenon of trans-Adriatic immigrants in the coastal region of medieval Serbia and provides valuable information regarding the functioning of the Serbian state apparatus and general political culture in the late 13th century.
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- Смедеревска варош од 1459. године до краја 16. века
- Smederevo was the most important military stronghold in the European part of the Ottoman Empire since the Ottoman conquest in 1459 till the 1520s and it kept its military and economic importance during next couple of decades. Smederevo was manned by 1,700 soldiers in the second half of the 15 th century and in the first half of the 16 th century, while the number of civilians was four times less. Two thirds of the crew were Muslims and one third were Christians. Only after the conquest of Banat in 1552 and Gyula in 1566, the crew was significantly reduced, so the census from 1572 showed 457 soldiers, of which 113 were Christians. During the first fifty years of Ottoman rule, besides the Muslim soldiers, the fortress was home to the majority of the Muslim civilians. Obviously they did not feel safe enough outside the fortress, because there were eight mahalles within and only one Muslim mahalleoutside its limits. The Muslim civilians have populated the varoş only by the end of the second decade of the 16 th century. Christian soldiers and civilians lived in the varoş. They were overwhelming majority compared to the Muslims until the middle of the 16th century. The number of Christians was rapidly declining during next couple of decades. Main reasons were mass lay-offs and military transfers within Smederevo garrison, migration to Banat and islamisation. Decline of the number of Christians also was caused by the Long War (1593-1606), after which the varoş had six times less Christians than a century earlier. Smederevo Christians where Serbs by an overwhelming majority. Separate records were kept on the Ragusians and inhabitants with the “vlach” status until the 1530s and Jews from the second half of the century. Second half of the 16 th century is marked by declining of Smederevo and its marginalisation in comparison to Belgrade. This was particularly noticeable during the Long War (1593-1606) and once it was finished, the former capital of the Serbian Despotate and center of the Ottoman province, became village-town (kasaba)without any military or economic importance.
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- Социјалне диференцијације у Требињској области у првим годинама турске владавине
- The paper establishes the fact that there were 17 tîmârs in the region of Trebinje in 1468/69. Fifteen of them were in the hands of Christians, while of the other two tîmârs one was owned by a Muslim sipahi (obviously a man of Turkish origin) and the other had the status of mevkuf, i.e. of tîmâr whose rents belonged to the fiscus. If the list of “old sipahis” (kadimî sipahiler) from the detailed census of Herzegovina from 1475/77 is compared with the data on tîmâr-owning sipahis in Trebinje from the summary Bosnian census from 1468/69, it can be noted that most owners of aforementioned 15 tîmâr (nine of them or 60%) can be found in both censuses. The second group among the owners of these 15 tîmâr consisted of six (or 40%) sipahis mentioned in the summary census from 1468/69, who are not found on the list of 49 degraded tîmâr-holders from 1475/77. The same list does not seem to include persons who could be the sons or fathers of the sipahis mentioned in 1468/69. Like the nobility, the peasants also continued to live in their old households after the establishment of the Turkish rule. Thanks to the individual person from the Bosnian summary census from 1468/69 and detailed census of Herzegovina from 1475/77, we are able to make tables of the village households and bachelors, and also the amount of total annual taxes (measured in akçe) paid by each village separately and types of military obligations of the people.
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- Социјални статус војних свештеника српске војске 1839–1918.
- The religious service in the Army of the Principality and Kingdom of Serbia institutionally started in 1839 by adopting the first Military Law. Solutions adopted by the Serbian military authorities for facilitating the exercise of religious rights provided unrestricted living for all religious groups in the Serbian Army. The vast majority of the population in Serbia belonged to the Orthodox faith and the Serbian Church had the status of a state church. In the following years different laws and regulations were adopted and various segments of the religious service in the Serbian Army were regulated. Chaplains were government officials appointed by the King’s decree on the proposal of the Minister of War. The religious service in the Serbian Army was headed by a desk officer for confessional affairs in the Ministry of War. He was an orthodox priest with protopresbyter rank. In order to understand the social status of Serbian military chaplains it is important to analyse their social background, educational structure, financial income and personal skills. After the 1904 Military Law was adopted, Serbian military chaplains lost most of their rights. They could be only part¬time Army members and their rank was not strictly determinate. The negative consequences of this Law were particularly manifest during the First World War. There were not enough trained chaplains, and there were no clear criteria for their selection. The social status of military chaplains was bad because of the financial problems they were facing.
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- Спровођење Танзимата у Нишу за време Мидхат-паше 1861–1864. године
- Although the policy of the Ottoman Empire since 1839 was the equalization of rights of all subjects, implementation of this practice in everyday life posed a lot of problems. The biggest obstacle was a centurieslong relationship among Ottoman communities based on Shari’at. This flaw in the Sanjak of Niš was most obvious in the political and economic invisibility of Christians, especially the Serbs, who were the dominant population in this part of Rumelia. With the arrival of Midhat-pasha at the head of this Sanjak, the economic systems and mechanisms of the local government that maintained such inequality were removed. Thanks to his dedicated work on this matter, the economic and political situation in Niš began to reflect the real relations among the communities in this city. The local Serbs, as the largest population of the non-Muslim community in Niš, benefited the most. By resolving most of the problems that prevented their emancipation during his mandate, Midhat-pasha unintentionally struck the foundations for the development of modern Niš, which after 1878 continued to thrive further within the Principality of Serbia.