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Editorial Board
Ivo Goldstein, Faculty of Philosophy University of Zagreb, CRO
Erik Gordi, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, University College London, UK
Egidio Ivetić, Universita degli Studi di Padova, ITA
Dušan Janjić, Institute of Social Sciences, SRB
Predrag Matvejević, La Sapienza, ITA.
Anđelka Mihajlov, Public Policy Institute, SRB
Aleksandar Mirković, Eastern Michigan University, US
Marc Pilkington, University of Burgundy, FRA
Ognjen Radonjić, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, SRB
Christine Sinapi, CEREN/Burgundy School of Business, Dijon, France
Pritam Singh, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
Aleksandra Stupar, Faculty of Architecture, University of Belgrade, SRB
Darko Tanasković, Permanent Delegation of the Republic of Serbia to UNESCO, FRA
Faruk Ulgen, Centre de Recherche en Economie de Grenoble and
Faculty of Economics, University of Grenoble Alpes, FRA
Josip Vrandečić, Faculty of Philosophy University of Split, CRO
Editor-in-Chief
Nikola Samardžić, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Belgrade, SRB
Published by
HESPERIAedu, Belgrade, Serbia
Publisher
Zorica Stablović Bulajić
Technical Secretariat
Haris Dajč
Maja Vasiljević (sekretar/secretary)
Ivana Stojanović
Pages
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- The Ionian Islands After Napoleon
- Summary/Abstract: The Congress of Vienna and the Second Treaty of Paris marked not only the year of the final Napoleon defeat but the sealing of the European system that was supposed to last. The Ionian Islands were the British prey during the Fifth and the Sixth Coalition against Napoleon and, after the 1815, their status under British protectorate was established. The islands were a free and independent state under the immediate and exclusive protection of the British Crown. The Lord High Commissioner – the new Provveditore Generale appointed by the British Monarch, was to regulate the forms of the convocation of a Legislative Assembly. The result of that was a new Constitutional Charter of the States that had to be ratified by the British Crown. The situation at the Ionian Islands, which had changed already four administrative systems since 1797, was very unpromising with the civil war fought between different islanders’ sides. By the Treaty of 1815, the Ionian Islands were supposed to have far more control of the internal affairs but the situation on the ground was encouraging to the very rigid Constitutional Chapter of 1817. The consular dispatches that are the most important archival source show the fear of the anarchy. The experience of internal fights among islanders was important for understanding of the attitude of the Great Powers towards the Greek Revolution at its first stage in the early 1820s. Both Greeks of the Mainland and the islanders from the former Septinsular Republic (Repubblica Settinsulare) shared a lot of common experience in both governing and fighting since the last decade of the 18th century. In the years after the 1815 with the outbreak of the Greek Revolution, their cooperation and experience had an important role in changing of the Ottoman borders.
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- The Military Judiciary in Post-War Years
- Summary/Abstract: The organizationof military judiciary was subject of frequent changes in the period just after WWII. By-law on military courts and organization and competence of military courts of 1944 reinstated a new and uniform organization of military judiciary in the whole country. The by-law was replaced by the Law on organization and competence of military courts in Yugoslav army of August 24, 1945 that set up a system of military courts after the fashion of military judiciary in the USSR. New legal act on military courts was the Law on military courts, enacted towards the end of 1947. The Law on military courts introduced military courts system with two levels, consisting of first instance courts and the Supreme military court. Acts on military courts enacted just after WWII military courts gave them quite a wide competence regarding criminal law, primarily due to high degree of society militarization after WWII.
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- The Political Role of Financial Institution
- Summary/Abstract: The article analyses the way in which one of the largest Yugoslav banks, in the wake of WWII, gained exceptional political importance, becoming the property of Deutsche Bank and turning, right after the Nazi occupation of Serbia, into a channel for the systematic aryanization of Jewish movable property in Serbia. At the same time, the article deals with the ways in which the Germans came to accurate data on the ownership of movable property of Jews as well as the role of the Serbian Quisling government of Milan Nedić in this process.
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- The Political Thought of Psellos in the Chronographia
- Summary/Abstract: This paper deals with political theory that Michael Psellos expresses in his programmatic work, the Chronographia, exploring it on its own merits and separating it from his alleged social and political “biases”. Psellos’ history is analyzed from several perspectives and on several narrative layers. The paper dwells on his views on the imperial ideal, as well as his opinions on participants in the political life of the empire (mainly imperial advisors and generals), from both horizontal (Constantinopleprovinces; center-periphery) and vertical (the masses and the aristocracy) perspective, reflecting upon his stance on what constitutes aristocracy. Finally, it reexamines Psellos’ “Constantinopolitan bias” by distinguishing his attitudes from his perspective, identities and alliances, and exploring in which ways exactly his metropolitan upbringing and education shaped his narrative.
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- The Robbing of Jewish Property as a Subject of Historical Research Outside the Ex-Yugoslav Area
- Summary/Abstract: The article gives an overview of the state of research on the topic of appropriation of Jewish property during the Holocaust in a broad European perspective. Starting with the developments in the Germany historiography, the article emphasizes that nowadays ‘Aryanization’ is seen less as an act of ruling than as a ‘social practice’. This notion rests on vast local studies concerning different cities in the German Reich. When looking at robbing processes outside the Reich, in occupied territories, a learning process can be seen, as it was not possible to apply the practices from the Reich in other countries and societies. The main difference in the occupation practices between Western and Eastern Europe finally, was that in Western Europe the robbing still happened under pseudo-legal forms, while in the Eastern European occupation areas the practices of robbery were much more affected by violence and personal enrichment of the German occupiers.
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- The Role of Co-Operative Bank
- Summary/Abstract: The text deals with co-operative banks in Italy. The authors intend to highlight the role of co-operative banks, their functions and territorial specificities. The term “co-operative banks” implies two different types of credit intermediaries integrated in a system that has as its reference model the one of universal bank: the community banks and co-operative banks. While sharing some distinctive features, the two types of cooperative banks in Italy show significant differences for both the historical evolution of the respective institutional models and about the operation that in time characterized them. The co-operative banks combine the social and cultural growth of the territory to the economic, social and co-operative business partner-stockholders-clients and business partnerstockholders-employees. In the special chapter, was made a reference to the forms of co-operative credit in Serbia. In the final chapter was made the research proposal.
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- The Role of Cultural Resources for Sustainable Development of Destination / Case Study of The Istrian Region, Croatia
- Summary/Abstract: Concerning cultural resources, we may say that we live in the time when the city is a living cultural organism, where buildings have become sculptures and people have one foot in a state of thinking in the way of tradition, like native Americans, and the other in futurism, which reflects the continuity of the preservation of cultural heritage. Cultural events and festivals enrich the cultural offer of a tourist destination. Therefore, they must be valorized and used to create community profit. On the other hand, cultural events are considered a good promotional product for the creation of the image of destination. Events produce a strong economic impact in the wider area and create new jobs for locals in the tourism and services. Like in Istria, the coastal Croatian region, a destination that lives largely from the income of tourism, which was selected as a case study for this research. The purpose of this paper is to look at the cultural, social, economic and environmental impact of festivals and cultural events in the destination, with an emphasis on sustainable and responsible development using urban and rural culture as a unique cultural product for the global tourism market. Everything has a spirit, and everything is interconnected like in cultural tourism where the sectors overlap and form a strong connection between culture, tourism and local economy for sustainable and responsible development, as shown in this research.
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- The Role of Cultural Resources for Sustainable Development of Destination / Case Study of The Istrian Region, Croatia
- Summary/Abstract: Concerning cultural resources, we may say that we live in the time when the city is a living cultural organism, where buildings have become sculptures and people have one foot in a state of thinking in the way of tradition, like native Americans, and the other in futurism, which reflects the continuity of the preservation of cultural heritage. Cultural events and festivals enrich the cultural offer of a tourist destination. Therefore, they must be valorized and used to create community profit. On the other hand, cultural events are considered a good promotional product for the creation of the image of destination. Events produce a strong economic impact in the wider area and create new jobs for locals in the tourism and services. Like in Istria, the coastal Croatian region, a destination that lives largely from the income of tourism, which was selected as a case study for this research. The purpose of this paper is to look at the cultural, social, economic and environmental impact of festivals and cultural events in the destination, with an emphasis on sustainable and responsible development using urban and rural culture as a unique cultural product for the global tourism market. Everything has a spirit, and everything is interconnected like in cultural tourism where the sectors overlap and form a strong connection between culture, tourism and local economy for sustainable and responsible development, as shown in this research.
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- The Role of Financialization in Financial Instability
- Summary/Abstract: Financialization is certainly one of the most significant aspects of financial systems’ evolution since the beginning of the post War period. Interestingly, while the start of the process can be identified as early as the 1980s, a majority of economists seemed to recognize its importance only after the onset of the 2007- 2008 financial crisis. The current and still unfolding crisis unveiled some of financialization’s features (eg: securitization – CDO, CDS, shadow banking) and some of its related impacts on inequalities, instability and investments (Orhangazi 2008, Onaran, Stockhammer et al. 2011, Hein 2012, Palley 2013). The roles of securitization, shadow banking and financial complexity in the 2008 financial crisis are now common knowledge. A broader understanding of financialization and its socio-economic impact is, however, still under examination. While it may be argued that many economists have been at least „blind” to this phenomenon, post-Keynesian scholars have long discussed this issue and continue to largely contribute to the debate. Among them, Minsky argued in the early 1990s (Minsky 1990), (Minsky 1992) that capitalist economies evolve through various stages, the then stage (in the US) being that of „money manager capitalism”, which corresponds to what we currently call „financialization”. Minsky believed it had emerged in the early 1980s (Zalewski and Whalen 2010) and argued that it would increase the inherent instable nature of capitalist economies. On this point as on several others, history has shown that Minsky was rather prescient, and certainly ahead of his time with economic analysis. A closer look at his proposals remains crucial to understand today’s situation. Reference is often made to Minsky’s claim that financial systems are inherently unstable. To a lesser extent, and rather recently, defining financialization in reference to his capitalist stage approach has also developed. The link between these two components of his analysis is, however, rarely presented. This is what we aim to do in this paper. We argue that understanding financialization and its relation to Minsky’s financial instability hypothesis requires a closer look at Minsky’s institutional approach. In addition, the recent path of capitalism has been associating financial liberalization and international financial integration to financialization. We believe that these three aspects are interrelated and need to be considered jointly, as the features of a „fifth” stage of capitalist economies, prone to crises and „sluggish” economic development.
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- The Role of Trust In Creating Cooperatives. Example of Europe– Selected Aspects
- Summary/Abstract: One of the important forms of cooperation is a cooperative. It is defi ned in the literature as undertaking activities aiming at achievement of a common goal of all the parties to such a transaction. Cooperatives should be based on trust, loyalty and acceptance of informal and formal rules of conduct by all parties to the transaction. On the basis of such background the main research purpose of the paper is to identify the issue of cooperation, cooperatives and trust on theoretical level. Research method of secondary sources survey was used to achieve the assumed goal. Th e paper includes two parts: the fi rst, the theoretical one, presents major assumptions of cooperation, and the second, empirical, based on secondary sources, presents selected aspects of activity of cooperatives in Europe. Th e paper presents at the end of the second part some results and conclusion.
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- The Sale of Confi scated Jewish Immovable Property in Serbia During World War II for Financing War Damages to Germans
- Summary/Abstract: This paper describes two financial operations German occupational authorities in Serbia undertook and performed simultaneously in order to finance German war production. The first one is confiscating and selling Jewish immovable property, at first directly through German institutions, later through Serbian Državna hipotekarna banka Bank. The second one is payment of war damages to Germans in Serbia and Banat, citizens of the Reich and Kingdom of Yugoslavia, personally or to their firms, they incurred between March 27, 1941 and the end of April war.
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- The Serbian Jewish Restitution Law and its implementation
- Summary/Abstract: The case of restitution of the Jewish property in Serbia is very important as the Republic of Serbia was the first state to fully endorse the Terezin declaration and also pass a comprehensive legislation that covered all aspects of the Jewish restitution. The entire process of the passing of the Law were unique as they represented combined effort of the institutions and even more individuals who were not necessarily Jews. The implementation of the Law had few phases and could also be linked with the process of the historical revisionism. Also, this process was happening for the first time in Europe and its success was, and still is, important for all other former socialist states that still haven’t passed similar laws. The foundation of the Supervisory Board and its actions were critical in the positive development of the implementation, but still internal fights within the Jewish community in Serbia and their outcome could endanger the process. Paper will also stress the importance of the World Jewish Restitution Organization involvement in the process of restitution and its implementation.