Komunikacija i kultura online
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Communication and Culture Online is a free electronic scientific journal. Our goal is to improve knowledge in the field of linguistics, literature, communication, culture, intercultural and related disciplines.
Regular issues of Communications and Culture Online are published once a year, in the last week of December. Before the new issue of the magazine comes out as a whole, the so-called pre-publishing. In addition to regular issues, Communication and Culture online also publishes special thematic editions, independently or in collaboration with partners.
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- "A Language Expert Protects True Values and National Interests"
- Sažetak Linguists, language teachers and all other types of language experts are of key importance in the dissemination of beliefs about language, today referred to in literature as language ideologies (Rumsey, 1990). In spite of the great deal of attention given to language experts in sociolinguistic literature, very little research has looked into how these experts and their expertise is perceived amongst non - experts. A study of the perception of experts would help answer the question of how language ideologies c ome about, how are they formed by non - experts and are there any competing language ideologies, that language users come up with themselves. The aim of this paper is, thus, to explore the discursive construction of language experts amongst lay language user s. The data is drawn from online comment sections, and two communities are compared: Lithuania and Serbia. The research is qualitative, based on a relatively small number of comments, with the main goal to identify tendencies which could be examined in fur ther research. The analytical tools build upon the notion of interdiscursivity . Following Bauman (2005) is assumed that every utterance (or here: a comment) is created ideologically, by relying on recognisable ways of speaking, voicing and answering to discourses circulating in society. Such an analysis of the possible connections o f this discourse with other discourses could offer some explanation how language ideologies coming from language experts are perpetuated, negotiated or reconstructed.
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- "A Streetcar Named Desire" (1951)
- Sažetak The aim of the paper is to show the transformations of Tennessee Williams's play A Streetcar Named Desire in the transposition to the “big screen.” In this paper we rely on the recent adaptation theory in which film adaptation is primarily perceived as an autonomous film work of equal status as the original. New adaptation theory rejects fidelity to the original as a criterion for evaluation since the ad aptation process involves the transposition from one sign system to another (single - track verbal media to a multi - track media which uses words, sound and moving photographic images) and different material and practical contingencies (film shooting is a col laborative project subjected to the influence of studio and censorship, complexities of the shooting process, material infrastructure, budgetary constraints, etc.). In light of theory of adaptation as a product and a process conditioned by the context of c reation and reception, the analysis of the film A Streetcar Named Desire (1951) has shown that this film, although “mutilated” by the changes imposed by the censorship, grew into a unique, author’s work shaped by the vision of the film director Elia Kazan and as such cannot be reduced to the replica of the original.
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- A CORPUS-BASED ANALYSIS OF THE POSTPOSITION OF CENTRAL ADJECTIVES
- Sažetak This paper deals with adjectives as post-head modifiers in noun phrases. The aim of the quantitative and qualitative analysis conducted on the British National Corpus was to find out which type of adjectival postmodification is most common. We analysed the position of a hundred central adjectives in five thousand sentences looking for the cases of adjectival postmodification. The postposed adjectives were then classified according to the type and counted. We found out that the most frequent type of adjectival postmodification is the one where the postposition is due to the heaviness of the adjectival phrase (adjectives with a complement or a modifier). The second most frequent type was the type of postmodification in which the postposition is governed by the head of the noun phrase, i.e. a compound indefinite pronoun. Furthermore, our analysis showed that postposition of coordinated descriptive adjectives is more frequent than expected, considering that this type of postmodification is not obligatory.
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- A WAR OF WORLDS IN A WORLD AT WAR
- Sažetak In his 2011 novel, titled Wish You Were Here, contemporary British author Graham Swift abandons his usual depiction of world wars as silent witnesses of times gone by and of a more structured, if questionably nobler, British past. Wish You Were Here explores contemporary warfare, both literal and metaphorical, at the same depicting a nation crumbling into itself. In this novel – history, instead of providing a coveted sense of structure, ceases to matter. In a way, it is non-existent. The main characters inhabit the world of the here and now, a world at war in more ways than one. The centre and the periphery shift, and the margin stands within Britain itself. While outsiders are nothing but a faraway threat, other Britons are the ones the main protagonists, being of a rural background, have to look out for. In this sense, Wish You Were Here presents a shift in the binary power relationship. The main protagonists fall outside of the hegemonic power structure, and the marginality that marks their existence is one within familiar territory. Consequently, otherness is characterized by feelings of disunity with the nation, and the aforementioned shift of the periphery is twofold, the main protagonists being both dislocated and displaced. The British men in the story almost resemble subalterns whose stories need to be heard.
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- ALEGORIJA I PIKARESKA U DRUGOM DELU ŽIVOTA LAZARČIĆA SA TORMESA
- Sažetak Tema ovog rada je analiza zastupljenosti alegorijskih i pikarskih elemenata u romanu Drugi deo Života Lazarčića sa Tormesa (Segunda parte del Lazarillo, 1555). Nastao kao apokrifni nastavak dela Život Lazarčića sa Tormesa, njegove zgode i nezgode (La vida de Lazarillo de Tormes y de sus fortunas y adversidades, 1554), ovaj roman po stilu i sadržini prevazilazi okvire španske pikareske, ali zadržava njenu strukturu i formalne odlike. Alegorija je autoru poslužila kao književni postupak kojim se u duhu pikarskog žanra kritikuju mnoge društvene pojave i klase u Španiji XVI veka. Koristeći se antičkim motivom metamorfoze, autor apokrifnog nastavka povlači paralele između ljudskog i životinjskog sveta i ukazuje na poneku razliku i mnogo više sličnosti koje postoje među njima. Cilj ovog rada je da komparativnom, induktivnom i deduktivnom metodom prikaže u kojoj je meri alegorija uvećala umetničku vrednost pikarskog žanra i kakav je kvalitativni odnos prvog i drugog dela Lazarčića. Pokazaće se da je alegorija u Drugom delu upotrebljena u funkciji stilizovane satire, čime se ipak gubi kritička oštrina karakteristična za surovo realistični original.
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- ALLA RICERCA DELL’ISOLA DELLE DONNE
- Sažetak Ğazīrat an-nisā’ (Women’s island) topic had a great success in classical wonder (a‘ğā’ib) Arabic literature. It represents the no-where island, inhabited by women who have got power and are sexually exuberant. Who, in the end, are the product of an homosocial imagination. Among this theme a lot has been written on wāq wāq island, where trees grow, which fruits are women. In this paper, after presenting the subject, I will relate this medieval myth with its contemporary representation by reading the short story Maṭār wāq wāq (Wāq wāq airport) by Iraqi contemporary novelist Daysī al-Amīr.
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- AMBIGUITY AS AN INSTRUMENT IN VERBAL EXPRESSION
- Sažetak The instances of the use of polysemic/polysemous phrases have been analysed in this paper via usages predominantly from the political discourse. There are divided views in terms of the resulting vague or ambiguous words or phrases. Namely, it is true that on the one hand natural languages demonstrate inclination towards use of phrases gradually becoming fixed, while on the other hand it is true that polysemy as a phenomenon has been widely used as a tool or more precisely as an instrument to convey a message, whose interpretation would be context-dependant. In addition, although contextdependant, the interpretation in the analysed instances is crucial and might lead to grave consequences if the meaning was not properly decoded.
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- ANALIZA DISKURSA SEKURITIZACIJE U SAJBER-PROSTORU
- Sažetak Diskurs sajber-bezbednosti jedan je od primera uspešene „sekuritizacije“ govornih činova odnosno upotrebe jezika kojom se jedan fenomenan predstavlja i definiše kao bezbedonosni problem. Teorije „sekuritizacije“ u bliskoj su vezi sa teorijom govornih činova i na primeru diskursa bezbednosti i pretnjeu sajber-prostoru jasno se mogu primetiti načini na koji apstraktni pojmovi dobijaju ulogu sveprisutne pretnje. Rad analizira dominantne metafore u diskursu bezbednosti koje su tokom poslednje tri decenije odredile diskurs bezbednosti u sajber-prostoru i ističe proces „militarizacije“ diskursa sajber-prostora, koji je naročiti zamah dobio početkom 21. veka. Upotreba metafora iz mikrobiologije, kriminala i ratnih sukoba naročito je prisutna u diskursu sajberprostora i rad daje pregled najčešćih metafora u građenju diskursa bezbednosti sajberprostora. Primer diskursa sajber-bezbednosti pokazuje da se uspešnim sekuritizacijskim govornim činovima može doprineti izgradnji uslova za intervenciju vlasti u određenoj društvenoj, ekonomskoj ili medijskoj oblasti. U slučaju sajber-bezbednosti ne samo da se radi o uspešnoj sekuritizaciji pojma sajber-bezbednosti već se može govoriti i o hipersekuritizaciji.
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- ANALIZA GREŠAKA U SASTAVIMA NA ENGLESKOM JEZIKU
- Sažetak U ovom radu istražuju se greške učenika u sastavima koje su pisali na engleskom jeziku. Analizirano je šesnaest sastava dve uzastopne generacije učenika koji su bili na B1 nivou u trenutku sprovođenja istraživanja. U radu je prikazana frekventnost svih grešaka (za svaki sastav pojedinačno, kao i u okviru dve različite generacije). Najreprezentativnije greške su navedene i obrađene (dat je pokušaj objašnjenja zašto se one javljaju). Zaključak je da su dva primarna razloga zbog kojih dolazi do grešaka: negativan transfer (uticaj koji pravila maternjeg jezika učenika imaju na usvajanje pravila stranog jezika) i generalizacija naučenih pravila.
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- ANGLICIZMI U INFORMATIČKOJ I MEDIJSKOJ LEKSICI U SRPSKOM
- Sažetak U ovom radu prikazan je uticaj engleskog jezika na srpski u oblasti informatike i elektronskih medija. S obzirom na to da u srpskom jeziku u ova dva domena mnogi engleski termini i druge lekseme nemaju odgovarajući ekvivalent meĎu rečima domaćeg porekla, upotrebljavaju se brojni anglicizmi, čiji broj neprekidno raste. Rad je posvećen kontrastiranju termina i izraza iz informatičke i medijske terminologije, njihovoj podeli na osnovu lingvističkih kriterijuma, kao i utvrĎivanju uticaja koji engleski jezik ima na graĎenje neologizama iz navedenih oblasti u srpskom jeziku. Istraţivanju smo pristupili sinhronijski, jer se ono odnosi na savremeni jezik i na lekseme koje su u njega većinom ušle tek tokom poslednjih nekoliko decenija. Nakon analize korpusa odabrana je nekolicina reprezentativnih termina i izraza, koji su potom podeljeni po načinu nastanka i realizacije u srpskom jeziku, a u skladu s analizama vodećih domaćih i stranih stručnjaka za lingvističku kontaktologiju. Kao metodološki postupak korišćena je kontrastivna analiza engleskih termina i drugih leksema i njihovih srpskih ekvivalenata. Cilj rada je da prikaţe uticaje engleskog jezika na srpski u oblasti terminologije i druge leksike koja se koristi u domenu informatike i elektronskih medija.
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- APPLYING LEVELS OF PROCESSING TO THE INVESTIGATION OF WRITTEN ENGLISH-ARABIC TRANSLATION ERRORS
- Sažetak The problem of specifying the errors committed in the process of written translation is a moot point. In this paper, the levels-of-processing approach is proposed as a viable toolkit for tracking, specifying, and more importantly, analyzing those errors when translating from English into Arabic. The levels suggested are the lexico-semantic level, the co-textual level, and the contextual level. The paradigm in this research is to take the output, i.e. the translations, as evidence for the presence or absence of certain levels that directly or obliquely have a bearing on written translation errors, and to record the highly recurrent or operative and the least observable ones.